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Impact of infectious diseases

As people know, now the COVID-19 is quite serious and spreading rapidly. And people do not have a curing method about it. COVID-19 causes xxx confirmed diagnosis and xxx death in the whole world. Also, people still don't know where COVID-19 comes from and how we can protect ourselves from being healthy. From COVID-19, people should have profound thinking about why infection diseases cause and how can human avoid virus infection and how can government-run do during the virus outbreak and reconstruction after the outbreak. Historically, there are so many infection diseases in the world, such as SARAS, Ebola, HIV and COVID-19.

Most infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. Diseases can be spread from person to person, directly or indirectly. Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases of animals that can cause diseases when spread to humans. However, infectious diseases are caused by multiple reasons, mostly infectious is from animals, because some animals they carry the virus in their body, those viruses may not affect themselves, however, when spreading of the virus, the virus will mutate to parasitize humans, and human's body will have an overt reaction to the virus. In this article, it will discuss 4 infectious diseases, SARAS, HIV, Ebola, and COVID-19.

In the first place, whenever someone always have doubts where infectious diseases from, how infectious diseases are formed. 普遍上来说，Infectious diseases usually have a great harm rate, because when an infectious disease breaks out, the doctors usually do not have any preparations, so they can not treat the disease well, or sometimes they can infect the doctor themselves. If people want to protect them in order to avoid disease, the most considerable thing is that they must know least one infectious history, such as how it formed, who is more susceptible to infection, does it have any medical treatment, does it success. SARAS is a typical example about it. Practically, SARS-CoV is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and it is deadly infectious diseases and people are also easily infected. SARS- CoV cause 8096 cases, including 774 deaths, in 37 countries for 8 months. The transmit speed of SRAS is very fast, people who get infection, they always have Fever, cough, difficulty breathing, chest radiographs showing shadows of both lungs, and some patients developed respiratory failure. Unfortunately, the use of antibiotics against bacterial infections has not worked. And SRAS infectious for people is depend on the strength of the personal resistance occurs. From research, SRAS-CoV's occurrence of spreading in wild animals. Because the scientist are aware of SRAS virus related to the spread of wild animals. Following this clue, the scientists first targeted the Guangdong wildlife market, and soon isolated and detected exactly the same virus as the SARS virus in the civet cats on the market. Furthermore, in these humans who deal with animals in the wild animal market, relatively high antibodies were detected. (What is an antibody? After our human body or animal is infected with a pathogenic microorganism, it will produce a substance that protects itself. One of them is called immunoglobulin, which can exist in animals and humans for months, years or more) after detecting the antibodies of these people that they have also been infected with SARS before. This kind of evidence proves that the civets sold and slaughtered by people are the direct source of SARS virus infection. At this time, Guangdong soon issued relevant policies. Guangdong Province issued an injunction in early 2004 to comprehensively kill civet cats in the wildlife market, ban wildlife trade and close the wildlife market. This policy played a very critical role in controlling the late spread of SARS. After that, there were no new cases of SARS in Guangdong. Then scientist consider that is the civet cat the natural host of SARS virus？The researchers investigated farmed civet cats and wild civet cats across the country, but found that they had no evidence of infection with the SARS virus. In the laboratory, SARS virus is used to artificially infect the civet, and the civet will also get sick and show symptoms. Obviously, civet cats do not meet the characteristics of the natural host of the SARS virus. It is only the intermediate host of the virus, a "transit station" that spreads the SARS virus from the natural host to people, and the natural host behind is other animals. The origin of the SARS virus is still an unsolved mystery. Driven by this mystery of origin, scientist start Scientists began to focus their research goals on bats，After 13 years of tracing, scientist finally determined the bat origin of the SARS virus. Then they are huge doubting that Since bats are the chief culprits of SARS, have civets been wronged? Nor is it. Although the root cause of SARS is not civet, it is a direct source of human infection with SARS virus. Although SARS has not made a comeback for so many years, in nature, this virus similar to SARS still exists. If we humans are not vigilant, then the next virus infection may be direct infection, or it may infect humans through other animals. This possibility exists completely.

There is another infectious disease called Ebola, it is a fatal viral hemorrhagic illness, because people get infection from Filoviridae family. Infected persons suddenly developed high Fever, headache, sore throat, weakness, and muscle pain. Then came vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Within two weeks after the onset of the virus, the virus overflowed, causing bleeding inside and outside the body, blood clotting, and necrotic blood to spread quickly to various organs throughout the body. The patient eventually developed symptoms such as oral, nasal, and anal bleeding. In approximately 1500 confirmed cases of Ebola, the mortality rate is as high as 88%. Ebola caused xxx death in the whole world. In the research, the author discussed that where Ebola came from, "Fruit bats of Pteropodidae family, such as Hypsignathus monstrous, Epomops franqueti, and Myonycteris torquata serve as the natural hosts of the EBOV in Africa. Nonhuman primates may develop the infection by eating the partly eaten fruits and may also transmit the infection to humans.[[4]] Indian population is an impending threat to EVD, as India falls in the home range of Pteropodidae family of fruit bats." ( Ebola virus: A global public health menace: A narrative review.

) from what article talks about, audiences could be clear know that where how Ebola cause and scientists can use what research invention to discover medical treatment and vaccine. in history, the Ebola outbreak at African and Government departments has controlled the epidemic. However, the most important thing about Ebola is that everyone knows it will come in the future, and no one knows the specific time. And Ebola virus will be variation when each time it comes back. People have no way to stop him, only protective measures. Finally, the best way people can protect themselves from Ebola is that people should always wash hands, avoid contact with body fluids of persons suspected or diagnosed with Ebola infection, and do not process or arrange the bodies of persons suspected or diagnosed with Ebola.

The infectious diseases cause not only personal Physical and mental injury, but also affect economic development in the whole world. There is an excellent example of COVID-19, since coronavirus has speeded about six months, and it affects xxx countries and xxx people.

Take China for instance, as the first country that was damaged by the virus, there is a huge loss in China. In the article of BMC Research Notes, the passage briefly talks about such situation in China. Accurate and precise data help to support the ideas. In the article, it mentions that there are 2595 deaths from Covid-19 and there is a potential total fiscal value of Int$ 924,346,795. Until now, the pandemic has not stopped yet. The loss of China and furthermore the whole world is increasing exponentially.

Because COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus two and propagation speed is particularly fast and appealed to people to stay at home and isolate themselves, The government had to close many entertainment venues, made many airlines suspended. The article "CORONAVIRUS INFECTS THE GLOBAL ECONOMY" discusses how the global economy is affected by COVID-19. Different fields are affected by COVID-19, sales performance plummeted. In the research, the author states that "The virus will nip China's economic growth… S & P Global cut its forecast of 5.7% growth in Chinese gross domestic product to 5%." ( CORONAVIRUS INFECTS THE GLOBAL ECONOMY)It is tangible evidence to tell the audience that COVID-19 causes the Chinese economy had considerable fluctuation. China commercial is 20% of worldwide growth, which proves the global economy will be affected, attribute from "sharply reduced tourism revenues, lower exports of consumer and capital goods, lower commodity prices, and industrial supply-chain disruptions." Additionally, Luxury brands are suffering from COVID-19, As the epicenter of the European epidemic, Italy stopped all non-essential business activities on March 12, and Italian luxury brand Gucci announced that it would close six factories and all stores in Italy, and cancel the original scheduled for May 8 in the United States. The big annual show in San Francisco. French luxury brand LVMH LVMH Group (LV, Dior, Givenchy, Guerlain, and other brand parent companies) announced on March 15 that its multiple brand perfume and cosmetics production lines would fully produce hand sanitizers and disinfection products to help France respond to epidemic prevention materials Shortages, some of its brands in New York and California have closed stores. French luxury brand Chanel (Chanel) announced on March 19 that it would gradually close its production bases in three countries, France, Italy, and Switzerland, with a closing time of two weeks while closing stores across the United States. French luxury brand Hermès (Hermès) has also closed 42 production bases. Recently, Switzerland raised the national epidemic alert level to the highest level of "unusual status". Swiss watch brand Rolex began to close its factories in Geneva, Bill, and Crisco at 5 pm local time on March 17 until March. 27th. Swiss watch brand Patek Phillipe (PATEK PHILIPPE) also announced the closure of the plant until March 27. British luxury brand Burberry said that over 60% of stores in Europe, the Middle East, India, and Africa have closed, 85% of stores in the Americas have been closed, and about one-third of stores in China have closed. Then supply chains also be affected. COVID-19 epidemic will disturb some overseas regions and products, such as computers, automobiles, and electronics, through the supply chain in the short term. Affected industries in the country may include a processor, communications, and other electronic equipment manufacturing, metal products, machinery and equipment repair, and leather, fur, feathers, and their products and footwear industry; industries affected by overseas demand may have consumers Services and retail trade; affected sectors on the external supply side may include automobiles, electronics, textiles and clothing, and retail business. From evidence showed from research, there is a conclusion that COVID-19 severely impacts the development of economic, the same as other infectious diseases because the government needs to promulgate some policies to prevent human health. They have to stop economic growth first.

In conclusion, judging from the history of several pandemic pandemics, the government has established a response system such as early warning, warning, decision-making, and implementation as the key links. It is necessary to set up a special health committee to rectify the sanitation of the ecological environment and organize and coordinate the power of medical rescue. At the same time, the trend of the global epidemic of infectious diseases should be incorporated into the vision of policy makers. The prevention and treatment of infectious diseases is related to social psychology and social development, not just health issues. Medicine is science and humanities.

In those countries which got affected by the pandemic, some of those are under serious situations right now. Thus, here comes the question: is the outbreak of the virus in these countries due to the bad health systems? In fact, incomplete medical system could be one but certainly not the only one reason that causes it. There are many unignored facts about the countries that could also have the negative effects. In the article of Iranian Journal of Microbiology, the authors illustrate the three main reason that Iran has so many cases reported than other counties. Firstly, because Iran was under the sanctions before the Covid-19, the country has not enough energy to response to such pandemic. Furthermore, the article mentions the bureaucracies and executive barriers toward cross-sectoral collaboration which could cause the situation more seriously. After all, Iran does not have qualified medical system which could easily adjust to such disaster. Thus, a country could report so many cases due to the different facts based on different countries.