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IND301 Milestone 4 Template

1. Paraphrasing activity:

Quote from source: “The transition to electrification of vehicles will probably be gradual, for three primary reasons: consumer caution when it comes to large purchases, the high initial cost of manufacturing electric vehicles, and pushback from vested interests. There will be special circumstances, such as in Norway, where rapid transitions are possible. But in places such as the United States, where the automotive market is large and diverse, and many players are involved—including the thousands of cities and states that impose rules and offer incentives—the pace will be slower. Cost reductions will take time. Gasoline cars have benefited from a century of intensive development, while electric cars have been the focus of major manufacturers on a commercial scale only since about 2010.”

Paraphrase: The shift from traditional vehicles to EVs (electric vehicles) was rapid in Norway, but the same pace is not expected in the United States, which has a much higher population, state and local laws to contend with, and a large and diverse auto industry. In addition, consumers are often hesitant about large purchases. This hesitance, along with the high costs for EV production, and pressure from oppositional groups, will slow the transition. While the cost of EV production will eventually decrease, this will take time; in comparison to gas-powered cars’ long history, EVs have only been widely available since 2010. (Sperling, 2018, p. 15)

2. List of references:

Li, C., Cao, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Liu, J., Shi, H., & Geng, Y. (2015). Hidden benefits of electric vehicles for addressing climate change. Scientific Reports, 5, 9213. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09213

National Research Council (U.S.). (2015). Overcoming barriers to deployment of plug-in electric vehicles. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/21725

Noori, M., & Tatari, O. (2016). Development of an agent-based model for regional market penetration projections of electric vehicles in the United States. Energy, 96, 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.018

Sperling, D. (2018). Electric vehicles: Approaching the tipping point. Bulletin of the Atomic

Scientists, 74(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2017.1413055

Zhang, X., Bai, X., & Shang, J. (2018). Is subsidized electric vehicles adoption sustainable: Consumers’ perceptions and motivation toward incentive policies, environmental benefits, and risks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 7179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.252