Final Assignment
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IMPORTANCEOFCRTICALTHINKING.pptxIMPORTANCE OF CRTICAL THINKING
Critical thinking for Managers (01/13/2020)
INTRODUCTION
Critical thinking means ‘making clear, reasoned judgments’ - Beyer (1995).
Critical thinking is the art of analyzing and evaluating thinking with a view to improving it.
Critical thinking is based on the substantive approach developed by Dr. Richard Paul and his colleagues at the Center and Foundation for Critical Thinking over multiple decades.
It entails five essential dimensions of critical thinking:
1. The analysis of thought.
2. The assessment of thought.
3. The dispositions of thought.
4. The skills and abilities of thought.
5. The obstacles or barriers to critical thought.
ESSENTIAL DIMENSIONS OF CRITICAL THINKING
BECOMING A CRITIC OF YOUR THINKING
HOW SKILLED IS YOUR THINKING?
WHAT QUESTIONS DO YOU HAVE IN YOUR MIND?
STEPS IN CRITICAL THINKING
Responding successfully to the questions in your mind is the art of thinking.
For successful thinking, the foll: steps are followed
1. Identify the problem/question
2. Gather data, opinion, & arguments
3. Analyze & evaluate the data
4. Identify assumptions
5. Establish significance
6. Make a decision/Reach a conclusion
HOW TO MAXIMIZE QUALITY OF THINKING?
Make learning about thinking a priority
Ask Unusual questions
GOOD VS. BAD THINKING
ARE THERE WAYS TO DISCOVER GOOD & BAD THINKING?
VARIETIES/STRUCTURE/TYPE OF CRITICAL THINKING
12 Forms of Critical Thinking:
1. Global critical thinking - multidimensional, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, generalizable
2. Specialized Critical thinking - intradisciplinary, non global, partial
3. Socratic critical thinking - fair-minded, ethical, strong sense critical thinking
4. Sophistic critical thinking - unethical, selfish narrow-minded critical thinking
5. Explicit critical thinking - conscious awareness to improve skills & develop strategies for that purpose
6. Implicit critical thinking - without conscious awareness
VARIETIES/STRUCTURE/TYPE OF CRITICAL THINKING
7. Systematic critical thinking (integrated) use all concepts & principles
8. Episodic critical thinking (occasionally, not systematically, consistently, unintegrated critical thought)
9. Emancipatory critical thinking (flexible, not lock into rigid set of assumptions)
10. Constrained critical thinking (trapped, not entertain other possible viewpoints)
11. Critical thinking based in natural languages (ordinary rather than specialized language)
12. Critical thinking based in technical languages ( extensive vocabulary of terms & concepts)
HIGHLY RECOMMENDED TYPES OF CRITICAL THINKING
Global (any discipline or domain)
Socratic (fairness in reasoning, thinking)
Explicit (identify problems in his/her reasoning)
Systematic (approach complex problems in a systematic/integrated way)
Emancipated (minimize bias, prejudices)
Natural Languages ( using natural language to analyze/assess)
TOP CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
1. Analysis - ability to collect & process information & knowledge
2. Interpretation - concluding the processed information
3. Inference - assess the knowledge is reliable & sufficient
4. Evaluation - ability to make decision on available information
5. Explanation - communicate your findings & reasoning clearly
6. Self Regulation - constantly monitor and correct your ways of thinking
7. Open mindedness - taking into account other possibilities & points of view
8. Problem Solving - ability to tackle unexpected problems & resolve conflicts
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE (SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS - CLASS EXERCISE)
Identify which critical thinking skills (from the above slide) applies to each situation:
1. Describe a situation where you challenged the way you and your colleagues did their jobs?
2. Describe a situation where you saw a problem & took steps to fix it.
3. Tell about a time you had to persuade to see your side of things.
