Imperialism_Remaking_the_West1.pptx

1870-1900

Remaking the West

Motives For Empire, 1880-1914

Political Motives

Cultural Motives

Economic Motives

Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought.

Take up the White Man's burden– No tawdry rule of kings, But toil of serf and sweeper-- The tale of common things. The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread, Go mark them with your living, And mark them with your dead. Take up the White Man's burden-- And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard-- The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-- "Why brought he us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night?" Take up the White Man's burden-- Ye dare not stoop to less-- Nor call too loud on Freedom To cloke your weariness; By all ye cry or whisper, By all ye leave or do, The silent, sullen peoples Shall weigh your gods and you.

Take up the White Man's burden-- Have done with childish days-- The lightly proferred laurel, The easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers!

India and the New British Empire, 1750-1870

More direct method of rule in response to the American Revolution

British East India Company

Raj and Rebellion, 1857

British Bureaucracy and Elite Institutions

Sepoy Mutiny

British Government seizes control

The Scramble for Africa

1880: Europe controls 10% of African continent

1900: only Ethiopia and Liberia remain independent

West Africa

France

Britain

Spain

South Africa

Britain

Belgium

Germany

Scramble for Africa

Bismarck and Imperial powers decide in 1884:

Borders of colonial states

Who can have what?

Methods of control

Treatment of indigenous groups

Political and Social Ramifications

Indigenous Resistance

Ethiopia and Italy

Disruption of Indigenous life

Remaking African Culture

“New Imperialism” and Crisis

Britain

Rhodes and the Transvaal 1896

Boer War, 1899-1902

Spanish American War, 1898

Loses Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Philippines

Italy

Ethiopia, 1896

“New Imperialism” and Crisis

First Moroccan Crisis

Wilhelm II in Tangiers, March 1905

The Bosnian Crisis

Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary, October 1908

Serbia seeks aid from Russia, Austria-Hungary from Germany

Second Moroccan Crisis

German “Panther” sent to port at Agadir, July 1911

Sparks fear in Britain, anger in France

France subsequently establishes a full protectorate over Morocco

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THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE

Germany

Rapid industrialization and modernization after unification

Bismarck extends vote to all adult males

weakens the middle-classes

introduces socialist legislation to pre-empt socialist politicians

essentially an authoritarian regime

emperor at the helm

Parliament/military filled with upper-middle-class, aristocratic leaders

brought a new balance of power to the Continent

strengthened the cause for imperial ventures

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THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE

France

French found new competition with/second place power position to Germany difficult

Political and cultural conflicts develop, including the Paris Commune, another revolution

political division between monarchists and republicans on the national stage

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THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE

Great Britain

Increased suffrage by 1884

almost all males had the right to vote and could do so democratically

Had difficulty extending resources and infrastructure to the empire in both the isles and abroad

feared the growing economic strength of the U.S. and Germany in the late 19th Century

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THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE

Russia and Austria-Hungary

Both weakened by nationalism

very ethnically diverse empires

Russia remained economically “backwards”

Stays authoritarian

Alexander’s successors resist all forms of social change

Russia’s weakness (politically, economically, militarily) exposed in Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05

Austro-Hungarian Empire deeply divided along ethnic lines

efforts to maintain empire by force in Balkans creates political tension in Russia that would have disastrous effects (the reason for the outbreak of WWI)

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The West Outside of Europe

The United States

late 19th Century a period of dramatic economic/social growth

Immigrants poured into the country, fueling industrialization

40 million between 1880 and 1920

By 1900 is the world’s leading industrial power

absence of government intervention and immigration

The Challenge of Social Change in the Wider West

Immigration

Between 1500 and 1760, African slaves had accounted for the vast majority of “immigrants” in the western hemisphere

In the 19th Century, Europeans (Irish, German, Italians, Slavs, Russians, and Jews) accounted for the majority of new immigrants

Asian immigration increased significantly in the United States

Despite the tremendous benefits that immigrants brought, hostility/discrimination toward immigrants increased

At best, the “immigrant question” was addressed by state efforts to force immigrants to abandon their own culture and assimilate

At worst, immigrants were met with vicious, discriminatory laws and violence (Dawes Act in the U.S., pogroms in Russia and eastern Europe)

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Uncle Sam’s Lodging House

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“Can I come in?” …I ‘spose you can; there’s no law to keep you out.

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American Imperialism

Colonial Experiences of “imperialism”

Monroe Doctrine-1823

European powers must not meddle in the affairs of any developing nations in the Western Hemisphere

1866-US in Mexico and Latin America

1867-Purchase of Alaska

1898-Annexation of Hawaii

1898-Spanish-American War

Cuba

Guam

Philippines

White-Man’s Burden

American Imperialism

The United States approached imperialism in several ways:

Cultural imperialism

Political imperialism

Economic imperialism

For the documents, assess the following as a group:

Which mode of imperialism does each group member’s document(s) represent?

What imperial actions is the US engaging in/being accused of?

How is US imperialism like/unlike European modes of empire?

If your group were to write an essay on American versus European imperialism, what would the main argument be?

What would your key pieces of evidence/quotes be?

The West Outside of Europe

Japan

Japan had little contact with the outside world until the 1850s

Japanese leaders began embracing western institutional ideas

The new Meiji government modeled their system on imperial Germany

encourage rapid industrialization

Japanese expansion into Asia fueled parallel imperialism in the East

Japan subordinate to western claims on Asia

forced to give up imperial gains (China) when success threatened western dominance over trade markets