Unknown ID Staphylococci
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ImmunologicalTesting.pptxBiol 2420 Lab: Antibody-Antigen Immunological Testing
Resource:
Lab manual: http://delrio.dcccd.edu/jreynolds/microbiology/2420/files/Serology.pdf
Staphyloslide™ Latex test: https://legacy.bd.com/ds/technicalCenter/clsi/clsi-staphyloslide.pdf
Heterophile Antibody test: http://www.rapidtest.com/index.php?i=Mono-Test-Kit-(Serology-Kit)&id=574&cat=6
Clearview Exact Strep A test: https://www.mddoctorsdirect.com/sites/default/files/Exact%20strep%20A%20English.pdf
1. Staphyloslide Latex Agglutination Test
Staphylococcus aureus may cause severe bacterial infections, especially in healthcare settings, staph infections can be fatal.
The Staphyloslide™ Latex Test is a latex slide agglutination test for the differentiation of staphylococci which possess clumping factor and/or Protein A, usually present with Staphylococcus aureus. Test latex particles are coated with anti-Staph antibodies, which show agglutination when mixed with samples containing the Staph antigens.
Staphyloslide Latex Agglutination Test Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTI7ieC09 Q s
2. Clearview Exact Strep A Test
Group A Streptococcus (group A strep) is responsible for a range of diseases in humans from minor to fatal, including strep throat (acute pharyngitis).
The Clearview Exact Strep A dipstick is a rapid test for the detection of Group A Streptococcal antigen directly from throat swabs as an aid in the diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal infection.
This more advanced immunochromatographic assay uses two anti-Strep antibodies (colloidal gold–labeled anti-Strep antibody and primary anti-Strep antibody), which form two-site sandwiches and show visible colored lines when react with samples containing the Strep antigens.
Schematic Diagram of Sandwich Immunochromatographic Assay
Read results:
Positive: two red lines appear on the test and control regions, indicating the presence of Strep A antigen in the sample.
Negative: only one red line appears on the control region, indicating the absence of Strep A antigen in the sample.
Invalid: No colored line appears on the control region, indicating a procedural error or possible reagent deterioration.
Clearview Exact Strep A Test video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCusjLDPpFM
3. Monospot Test (Heterophile Antibody Test)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common human viruses in the world. It causes infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal cancer, etc. During infection, a special type of antibody, “Heterophile antibody”, is induced as EBV is a B-lymphocyte mitogen.
Heterophile antibody is the antibody that does not react with EBV antigens, instead it reacts to the antigens from animal RBCs, such as horse, sheep and cattle, causing animal RBCs agglutination. It can be detected by Monospot test to screen for infectious mononucleosis.
Monospot test is a slide agglutination test. Latex particles are coated with purified glycoprotein from bovine RBCs, which show agglutination when mixed with samples containing the heterophile antibodies.
Monospot Test (Heterophile Antibody Test) video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=244RknH-T0E
In summary
A variety of immunological tests are commercially available for diagnosis of human diseases. These tests are based on the antibody-antigen reactions, which employ an antigen to detect presence of antibodies to a pathogen, or an antibody to detect the presence of an antigen of the pathogen.
Questions:
For each of the above tests run in lab, is the test identifying a specific antigen or a specific antibody?
What is a heterophile antibody?
