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See the ChronologyImmigration Policy

July 22, 2019

Can U.S. officials restore order at the Southern border? By Val Ellicott

The number of Central American migrant families seeking asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border has surged to historic levels, leading to overcrowding at migrant detention centers and reports of hungry children living in filthy conditions at border stations. President Trump’s critics blame his immigration policies, including his efforts to make it more difficult for migrants to win asylum. The president counters that Democratic lawmakers are at fault for refusing to close loopholes in immigration law that he says allow many migrants to enter the country without proper vetting. Administration officials have taken aggressive steps to deter migrants from traveling to the border, largely by making it harder for them to win asylum, but courts have blocked some of those efforts.

Yvonne Nieves of El Paso, Texas, demonstrates on June 27 in front of a U.S. Border Patrol station in Clint, Texas, where lawyers said detained migrant children were being held in filthy conditions. Border Patrol officials disputed their account. (Getty Images/Mario Tama)

Hispanic migrants, mostly from Central America, continue to overwhelm U.S. immigration facilities along the border with Mexico, creating what federal officials describe as a humanitarian and border security crisis.

In June, immigration officials took 104,334 migrants into custody at the border, marking the fourth consecutive month the number has topped 100,000. The number of migrants detained in June was 28 percent below the 144,278 taken into custody in May, which U.S. officials said reflects efforts by Mexico to crack down on northward migration from Central America. May’s number was the highest monthly total since March 2006. It encompassed 132,887 migrants who crossed the border without documents and 11,391 deemed inadmissible at a U.S. port of entry. Honduran and Guatemalan families with children led the surge.

“We are bursting at the seams,” Randy Howe, executive director of operations at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s (CPB) Office of Field Operations, said in June. “It’s unsustainable and this can’t continue.”

The surge has filled border detention centers beyond capacity and left U.S. officials struggling to meet migrants’ medical needs. In June, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officials ordered more than 5,000 adults quarantined after outbreaks of mumps and chickenpox at migrant detention facilities.

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At least six migrant children have died in U.S. custody since September. One child had a history of medical problems before arriving at the border and one died of unknown causes. Causes of death in the other cases were a bacterial infection, the flu, complications from pneumonia and a brain infection of unknown origin.

Central American families and unaccompanied minors fleeing violence and poverty in their home countries and seeking asylum in the United States now account for about 60 percent of those detained at the border. That marks a shift from a few decades ago, when most undocumented border-crossers were single men from Mexico looking for work. May marked the fourth month in a row that the number of family members apprehended crossing the border — 84,542 that month — set a record. Families seeking asylum present a special challenge to immigration officials because of due process requirements that guarantee their requests will be reviewed, preventing their immediate deportation.

That challenge increases with families that include children. Under a 1997 federal court settlement known as the Flores agreement, the Border Patrol has 72 hours to turn unaccompanied migrant children — including children whose parents were detained after entering the United States without documents — over to the Health and Human Services Department (HHS). The department’s Office of Refugee Resettlement is then responsible for finding and vetting a U.S. sponsor for each child — typically the child’s closest relative in the United States. But HHS said it has run out of space at its shelters, and Office of Refugee Resettlement officials said in June they were close to running out of money.

On June 28, U.S. District Judge Dolly Gee in California ordered an independent monitor to act quickly to make sure migrant children are receiving proper treatment at border facilities. Her order came after lawyers authorized under the Flores agreement to inspect conditions at those facilities said children at a Border Patrol station in Clint, Texas, were living in filth with inadequate food, and that some as young as 7 were caring for toddlers from other families who had become separated from their parents. The Flores agreement requires “safe and sanitary” living conditions for migrant children in U.S. custody.

Border Patrol officials have disputed accounts of inhumane conditions for migrant children, saying the children are treated well and have enough to eat.

The inspector general for the Homeland Security Department reported in May and July that border facilities are dangerously overcrowded, with detainees “held in standing-room-only conditions for days or weeks” and hundreds of children detained beyond the 72-hour limit. The country’s immigration court system is similarly overwhelmed and faces a backlog of more than 850,000 cases.

Even so, the number of migrants crossing the border illegally is below historic highs. Authorities are on track to detain about 1 million migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border this fiscal year (which ends September 30), nearly triple the 397,000 detained in fiscal 2018. But in fiscal 2000, authorities reported 1.64 million apprehensions, including 220,063 in March 2000 alone.

Political Battles

Trump and administration officials blame congressional Democrats for the squalid conditions at migrant detention centers, saying Democratic lawmakers held up action on legislation to provide $4.6 billion in humanitarian aid for migrants detained at the border.

The Senate passed that aid package on June 26 and the House followed suit the next day after House Speaker Nany Pelosi, D-Calif., dropped her demands to amend the Senate bill. Pelosi had wanted to add provisions that would have limited how the administration could use the money and added protections for migrant children.

In the larger immigration debate, Trump has called many asylum claims a “big fat con job” and said his border- related actions aim to avert an “invasion” of migrants, including many criminals. The president wants to eliminate laws and policies that he and his supporters say invite cheating by migrants who know that if they seek asylum based on a “credible fear” of persecution in their home countries, they will likely be released into the United States while the government assesses their claims.

“These are people that don’t have any legitimate claim for asylum,” says Mark Kirkorian, executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies, a conservative group in Washington that advocates for limits on immigration.

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President Trump on March 15 vetoes congressional legislation that rejected his declaration of a national emergency on the U.S.-Mexico border. Trump issued the emergency order as a way to free up money for construction of a wall along the border. (Getty Images/Al Drago)

Trump’s critics, however, say his policies reflect a callous disregard for the dangers that many migrants experience in their home countries, especially where gang violence is endemic. Tom Jawetz, vice president of immigration policy at the liberal Center for American Progress, says “cruelty and chaos” define the administration’s immigration policies. He disputes Trump’s assertion that most asylum seekers never show up in court after their release.

“The actual data show that 90 percent are appearing for their court dates, so we should be enhancing due process and restoring the rule of law,” Jawetz says.

Congressional Democrats agree, saying Trump’s immigration policies are to blame for the crush of migrant families at the border. “It became a crisis because the administration is intent on eroding asylum protections and incarcerating as many people as possible,” said Rep. Veronica Escobar, D-Texas.

Administration Actions

Trump, who promised during his 2016 campaign to limit immigration, has acted aggressively in recent months to limit the number of undocumented migrants allowed into the country and to discourage others from traveling to the border to seek asylum. Some of those actions have focused on making changes within the Homeland Security Department that Trump says reflect his desire for “a tougher direction” on border policies. Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen was forced out of her job in April after resisting Trump’s more stringent efforts to curtail the asylum process for migrants, and Trump has replaced other top officials at the department. On June 25, John Sanders, acting head of CPB, announced he would step down July 5. He was replaced by Mark Morgan, formerly the acting director of ICE, who has supported Trump’s calls for raids to deport undocumented families in the United States. “I understand what I want,” Trump said of the Homeland Security staff. “And we’re starting to get there.” In June, Trump appointed former Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli as acting director of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, which administers policies pertaining to legal immigration, after forcing out the agency’s previous head, L. Francis Cissna. The acting status allows Cuccinelli, who has adopted Trump’s use of the term “invasion” to describe immigrants seeking asylum, to avoid vetting by the Senate. Trump and his administration have taken a variety of other recent actions on immigration, although the courts have blocked some of those efforts:

On July 15, the Trump administration announced new rules that deny asylum protection to migrants who do not apply for such protection in any of the countries they pass through while traveling north. The policy, among the most restrictive immigration steps the administration has taken, effectively removes asylum in the United States as an option for almost all Central American migrants traveling to the Southern Border. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed suit the next day to overturn the new rules.

In February, after Congress refused to approve funding for border wall construction, Trump declared a national emergency at the Southwest border in order to divert billions of dollars from the Pentagon to pay for the work. The declaration followed a record 35-day partial government shutdown over Trump’s demands for $5.7 billion in border-wall funding. Trump said a border wall would deter potential border- crossers, but critics said a wall would do nothing to stop the thousands of migrants who voluntarily surrender to immigration authorities and request asylum at legal entry points.

Trump directed administration officials to develop new rules to ban people who cross the border illegally from obtaining a work permit, require asylum-seekers to pay an application fee and require adjudication of asylum cases within 180 days. Historically, such cases have taken years to resolve. In addition, an administration program called the Migrant Protection Protocols, created in December, has sent thousands of migrants to Mexico to wait there while their asylum claims are processed.

The president threatened to close the 2,000-mile Southwest border and to impose tariffs on Mexican imports unless Mexico acts aggressively to keep undocumented immigrants from traveling to the border. Trump backed off on both threats, and Mexico agreed to deploy troops to help stem the flow of migrants crossing its territory and to expand the Migrant Protection Protocols program.

Administration officials have denied asylum to migrants who enter the country illegally and have eliminated bail as an option for thousands of jailed migrants seeking asylum. They also have ordered asylum officers to be more skeptical in assessing asylum-seekers’ claims that they would face danger if returned to their home countries.

In June, the administration said it was cutting hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala, a move that followed comments from Trump that the three countries have done little or nothing to curb the flow of migrants seeking refuge in the United States. Congressional Democrats and immigrants’ rights advocates say such aid should be expanded, not cut, to improve the living conditions that cause people in those countries to seek a better life in the United States.

“The administration’s constant and erratic threats to end foreign aid is only going to make it more difficult for struggling countries to create conditions that allow people to thrive where they are,” Jawetz says.

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Administration officials also had said that, beginning July 14, they would round up and deport about 2,000 immigrant families who are living in the country without documents. But it was unclear the next day whether any raids actually took place.

In addition to his actions at the border, Trump in May laid out a new merit-based legal immigration policy that would show preference to highly skilled workers. The president said the changes are designed to overturn policies that favor low-skilled workers and “discriminate against brilliance.”

Democrats in Congress and immigrants’ rights groups sharply criticized the plan. Lisa Koop, director of legal services at the National Immigrant Justice Center, a group in Chicago that advocates for immigrants, called it “a political stunt intended to posture rather than problem-solve.”

Court Rulings

On June 18, a Trump administration attorney told a three-judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals that the Flores settlement does not require immigration officials to provide soap, toothbrushes or other basic hygiene items to migrant children detained at the border, or to give them beds to sleep in.

Sarah Fabian, an attorney for the Justice Department, made the statements while arguing that District Judge Gee erred when she ruled in 2017 that CPB officials had violated the settlement in 2016, during the Obama administration. Fabian said Gee had added requirements that were not part of the original settlement. But the three judges on the Ninth Circuit panel, all appointed by Democratic President Bill Clinton, appeared unconvinced.

“You’re really going to stand up and tell us that being able to sleep isn’t a question of safe and sanitary conditions?” Judge Marsha Berzon told Fabian.

Many of Trump’s other immigration actions also have sparked court challenges. In May, a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the administration’s Migrant Protection Protocols program can continue while challenges play out in court. And a federal appeals court ruled in April that migrants detained by immigration authorities do not have the right to be held in the same state as their children or to receive visits from their children while in detention.

Other judges have temporarily barred Trump’s administration from denying asylum to migrants who enter the country illegally and have ruled that migrants who fail to initially qualify for asylum have the right to appeal that decision in U.S. courts. On July 2, a federal judge in Seattle blocked the administration’s policy of denying bail for asylum seekers.

In other recent court decisions:

A federal judge in California issued a preliminary injunction in May, in a suit bought by the American Civil Liberties Union, blocking Trump’s plan to use $1 billion in Pentagon money to finance border wall construction. U.S. House Democrats filed a similar suit, but a judge dismissed it on June 17, saying the Democrats lacked standing. The May court action followed Trump’s veto (the first of his presidency) of legislation overturning his declaration of an emergency to obtain money for a border wall.

A federal judge in San Francisco temporarily blocked the administration in November from rejecting asylum claims from migrants who cross the Southwest border without documentation.

A U.S. District judge ruled in October that the administration cannot, at least for now, end Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for immigrants from El Salvador, Nicaragua, Haiti and Sudan. TPS extends legal status to immigrants from countries affected by problems such as wars or natural disasters.

Federal courts also have rejected Trump’s attempts to end the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which bars deportation as an option for people (known as dreamers) who were brought to the country without documentation as children. On June 28, the Supreme Court said it will consider whether those lower court decisions were correct.

Protection for Dreamers has bipartisan support in Congress. On June 4, the House passed legislation that would provide Dreamers with a path to citizenship, with seven Republicans breaking ranks to support the bill. But Trump has said he would veto the measure, and GOP Senate leaders are widely viewed as unlikely to challenge him by bringing up similar legislation introduced in March by Sens. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., and Richard Durbin, D-Ill.

The 2020 presidential campaign, meanwhile, could serve as a referendum on Trump’s controversial efforts to remake the nation’s immigration system, immigration experts say.

“The political challenge [Trump] faces is to demonstrate to voters that he is, in fact, doing everything he can do, and it’s Democratic obstruction that’s the cause of the continuing crisis,” Kirkorian says. “Can the president make that case successfully to swing voters?”

Twenty-three Democratic presidential candidates support a pathway to citizenship for the approximately 11 million immigrants living in the country without documents. At least 12 contenders would repeal criminal penalties for people detained after crossing the border; at least 19 support eliminating or limiting detention for migrants families seeking asylum; and at least 12 say all undocumented immigrants should be covered under a government-run health care plan.

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Chronology

2018

October President Trump orders 5,000 troops to U.S.-Mexico border as a caravan of asylum-seeking migrants travels north from Central America.

December Homeland Security officials say number of migrants seeking asylum increased nearly 70 percent from 2017.

2019

January A record 35-day government shutdown ends after Trump backs down on demand for billions of dollars to finance border-wall construction.

February Trump declares a national emergency at Southwest border to bypass Congress and obtain border wall money.

March Congress votes to overturn the emergency declaration, but Trump issues veto.… Trump threatens to close Southwest border unless Mexico stops migrants from illegally entering U.S.

April Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen resigns after resisting some of Trump’s immigration actions.… Trump calls for tightening asylum rules, including denying work permits to migrants crossing the border without documentation.

May Border detentions top 100,000 for third consecutive month.… Federal officials reveal the previously unreported death of an El Salvadoran girl, bringing to six the number of migrant children who have died in U.S. custody since September.… Trump threatens to impose tariffs on Mexican goods in response to increasing number of migrants at border.… Appeals court says administration may continue requiring asylum-seekers to wait in Mexico.

June Administration cuts aid to El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras after Trump says the countries have not acted to control migration to the U.S.… Lawyers describe shocking conditions for migrant children held in detention centers.… Acting Customs and Border Patrol Commissioner John Sanders announces resignation.… Congress approves $4.6 billion in humanitarian aid for migrants held at border.

July Trump administration announces new policy denying asylum to migrants who have not applied for asylum in another country they passed through while traveling to the U.S.-Mexico border.

Footnotes

[1] Nick Miroff and Maria Sacchetti, “U.S. has hit ‘breaking point’ at border amid immigration surge, Customs and Border Protection chief says,” The Washington Post, March 27, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4cv2dfc.

[2] Nick Miroff, “Border arrests drop as Mexico’s migration crackdown appears to cut crossings,” The Washington Post, July 9, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yyaqhhrn; “Total Illegal Alien Apprehensions By Month,” U.S. Border Patrol, undated, https://tinyurl.com/y6mo75eb; and Nick Miroff, “Arrests along Mexico border surged again in May, blowing past ‘breaking point,’ ” The Washington Post, June 5, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yylryqdx.

[3] Alan Gomez, “Border Patrol apprehended record number of migrant families in May as Trump threatens Mexico,” USA Today, June 5, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y47w7ar2.

[4] Rafael Bernal, “Thousands of migrants in ICE custody under quarantine for mumps, chicken pox exposure,” The Hill, June 14, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yyzdhsvd.

[5] Dianne Gallagher and Kate Sullivan, “Feds say a sixth migrant child died while in the care of authorities in September,” CNN, May 23, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y67fcgc5; Anna-Catherine Brigida, “‘He Went Seeking Life But Found Death.’ How a Guatemalan Teen Fleeing Climate Change Ended Up Dying in a U.S. Detention Center,” Time, May 13, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yyqz7dxo.

[6] “U.S. Border Patrol overwhelmed by large groups of migrant families,” Reuters, Feb. 8, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y38xtfgz.

[7] Gomez, op. cit.; Anna Giaritelli, “Trump’s top Border Patrol official explains the two crises America faces at the border,” Washington Examiner, Feb. 26, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yyfktmwa; and Katie Benner and Charlie Savage, “Due Process for Undocumented Immigrants, Explained,” The New York Times, June 25, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y4pt92yj.

[8] Abigail Hauslohner, “U.S. returns 100 migrant children to overcrowded border facility as HHS says it is out of space,” The Washington Post, June 25, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y6jo23y2; Camila Domonoske and Richard Gonzales, “What We Know: Family Separation And ‘Zero Tolerance’ At The Border,” NPR, June 19, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/yxrb92x8; and Dara Lind, “The horrifying conditions facing kids in border detention, explained,” Vox, June 25, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yxcrmjub.

[9] Miriam Jordan, “Judge Orders Swift Action to Improve Conditions for Migrant Children in Texas,” The New York Times, June 29, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4du4cm4; Caitlin Dickerson, “ ‘There Is a Stench’: Soiled Clothes and No Baths for Migrant Children at a Texas Center,” The New York Times, June 21, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y42xg62r.

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[10] Robert Moore, “Border Patrol argues child treatment at Clint migrant facility not as described, gives access to Texas station.” The Washington Post, June 26, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y44hckjd.

[11] “Management Alert-DHS Needs to Address Dangerous Overcrowding Among Single Adults at El Paso Del Norte Processing Center (Redacted),” Office of Inspector General, May 30, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yxtalj9y; “Management Alert-DHS Needs to Address Dangerous Overcrowding and Prolonged Detention of Children and Adults in the Rio Grande Valley (Redacted),” Office Inspector General, July 2, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4t5gxmd; and Nick Miroff and Maria Sacchetti, “Burgeoning court backlog of more than 850,000 cases undercuts Trump immigration agenda,” The Washington Post, May 1, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yx9vc9vt.

[12] “Migration FY2019,” U.S. Customs and Border Protection, July 10, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/l5p7rgq; “Total Illegal Alien Apprehensions By Month,” op. cit.

[13] Erica Werner, Mike DeBonis and Rachael Bade, “House passes $4.6 billion border bill as leaders cave to moderate Democrats and GOP,” The Washington Post, June 27, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y6g7qnud.

[14] Maria Sacchetti, “U.S. asylum process is at the center of Trump’s immigration ire,” The Washington Post, April 9, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yyejmsy4; Michael D. Shear, Mirian Jordan and Manny Fernandez, “The U.S. Immigration System May Have Reached a Breaking Point,” The New York Times, April 10, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y25hkvkz.

[15] Susan Ferrechio, “Top Democrat blames Trump for border crisis, accuses GOP of ‘cult’ behavior,” Washington Examiner, June 25, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4wpswdj.

[16] John Fritze and Michael Collins, “Nielsen resignation: What does Trump’s ‘tougher direction’ immigration plan look like?” USA Today, April 9, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y5bnos3j.

[17] Zolan Kanno-Youngs and Maggie Haberman, “‘A Constant Game of Musical Chairs’ Amid Another Homeland Security Shake-Up,” The New York Times, June 25, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4pkqdyw.

[18] Hamed Aleaziz, “Trump’s New Immigration Services Chief Took A Hard Line On Immigrants’ Children,” BuzzFeed, June 10, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4cso5ks; Joel Rose, “Trump Administration Taps Hard-Liner Cuccinelli For Top Immigration Job,” NPR, June 10, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y27sbo9o; and Jordain Carney, “McConnell to Trump: Don’t pick Cuccinelli to lead DHS,” The Hill, April 11, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y5avqgst.

[19] Michael D. Shear and Zolan Kanno-Youngs, “Most Migrants at Border With Mexico Would Be Denied Asylum Protections Under New Trump Rule,” The New York Times, July 15, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y2grxpjx; “ACLU sues over Trump administration’s restrictive new asylum rules,” The Washington Post, July 16, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yyml2vok.

[20] Peter Baker, “Trump Declares a National Emergency, and Provokes a Constitutional Clash,” The New York Times, Feb. 15, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4ngfkyz; Clare Foran, “Trump signs bill to reopen the government after record shutdown,” CNN, Jan. 25, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/ya27v2sh; Alan Bersin, Nate Bruggeman and Ben Rohrbaugh, “Yes, There’s a Crisis on the Border. And It’s Trump’s Fault,” Politico, April 5, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y2ol982f.

[21] Maria Sacchetti, Felicia Sonmez and Nick Miroff, “Trump tightens asylum rules, will make immigrants pay fees to seek humanitarian refuge,” The Washington Post, April 30, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4gwa97b; Camilo Montoya-Galvez, “Trump’s plan to deter migrants with ‘Remain in Mexico’ faces logistical and legal hurdles,” CBS News, June 14, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y5a2glxj.

[22] Ayesha Rascoe and Bobby Allyn, “Trump: U.S., Mexico Reach Deal To Avoid New Tariffs,” NPR, June 7, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y2a4md2k; David Nakamura and Felicia Sonmez, “Trump backs off threat to close border, says he’ll give Mexico ‘one-year warning’ on drugs, migrants,” The Washington Post, April 5, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y6l5as8b.

[23] Nick Miroff, “Trump administration tightens immigration asylum rules as caravans continue to push for U.S. border,” The Washington Post, Nov. 8, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/yyue3caj; Michael D. Shear and Katie Benner, “In New Effort to Deter Migrants, Barr Withholds Bail to Asylum Seekers,” The New York Times, April 16, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4useaj8; and Nick Miroff, “U.S. asylum screeners to take more confrontational approach as Trump aims to turn more migrants away at the border,” The Washington Post, May 7, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yx955wfn.

[24] Camilo Montoya-Galvez, “U.S. cuts millions in aid to Central America, fulfilling Trump’s vow,” CBS News, June 18, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y5236akr.

[25] Catherine E. Shoichet, Maria Santana and Jim Acosta, “Advocats say major ICE raids haven’t materialized. Trump says they’ve been ‘very successful,’ ” CNN, July 15, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yytpnegd.

[26] Zeke Miller, Lisa Mascaro and Jill Colvin, “Trump plan would shift immigration focus to ‘merit,’ ” The Associated Press, May 17, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yyatnpbm.

[27] Ibid.

[28] Ken White, “Why a Government Lawyer Argued Against Giving Immigrant Kids Toothbrushes,” The Atlantic, June 23, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yy9kkh6g.

[29] Nicole Goodkind, “Trump Administration Argues Detained Migrant Children Don’t Need Toothbrushes, Soap,” Newsweek, June 20, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y699k8lx.

[30] Miriam Jordan, “Trump Administration Can Keep Sending Asylum Seekers to Mexico, Court Rules,” The New York Times, May 7, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4fq7vw6; Tal Axelrod, “Court rules detainees don’t have to be held in same state as children,” The Hill, April 16, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4rdygpr.

[31] Maria Sacchetti and Sarah Kinosian, “Trump lashes out at judge after order to allow illegal border crossers to seek asylum,” The Washington Post, Nov. 20, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y6r8e26q; Alan Gomez, “Immigration

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asylum-seekers have a constitutional right to appeal, says court,” USA Today, March 7, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yxtovhe6; and Gene Johnson, “Judge blocks Trump policy keeping asylum-seekers locked up,” The Associated Press, July 3, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y2gzlzrj.

[32] Joel Rose and Barbara Campbell, “Judge Blocks Trump Use Of Emergency Power To Build Border Barrier With Military Funds,” NPR, May 24, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y5erm3ms; Francesca Paris, “16 States Sue Over Trump’s National Emergency Declaration,” NPR, Feb. 18, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y6y7odb3; Jacqueline Thomsen, “Judge dismisses House lawsuit over border wall funding at their request,” The Hill, June 17, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4wg36wc; and Michael Tackett, “Trump Issues First Veto After Congress Rejects Border Emergency,” The New York Times, March 15, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y679yodl.

[33] Maria Sacchetti and Isaac Stanley-Becker, “In blow to Trump’s immigration agenda, federal judge blocks asylum ban for migrants who enter illegally from Mexico,” The Washington Post, Nov. 20, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y23lxkoj.

[34] Catherine E. Shoichet, “Federal judge temporarily blocks Trump administration from ending TPS,” CNN, Oct. 4, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/yy4or8k5.

[35] Robert Barnes, “Supreme Court to review DACA program protecting young undocumented immigrants,” The Washington Post, June 28, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y3vgc2m3.

[36] Julie Hirschfeld Davis, “House Votes to Give ‘Dreamers’ a Path to Citizenship,” The New York Times, June 4, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4t3fs5l; Felicia Sonmez, “House passes immigration bill to protect ‘dreamers,’ offer a path to citizenship,” The Washington Post, June 4, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y2acmnb9.

[37] Kevin Uhrmacher, Kevin Schaul and Michael Scherer, “Where 2020 Democrats stand on immigration,” The Washington Post, updated July 8, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y47l5djk.

About the Author

Val Ellicott is an editor at CQ Researcher.

Document APA Citation Ellicott, V. (2019, July 22). Immigration policy. CQ researcher. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/

Document ID: cqr_ht_immigration_2019 Document URL: http://library.cqpress.com.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/cqresearcher/cqr_ht_immigration_2019

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