Hypotheses
b408
Hypothesesibus620xc1.docxHypotheses 1. While the research question tells us the DV (dependent variable), a Hypothesis tells us
both the DV and the IV (Independent variable) Format: (be consistent) “what factors determine _________(your DV)?
Example DV: passion for ice cream in Japan
2. Hypotheses: - more than a “guess”
- educated guess/ assertion
- based on a theory
3. Types of Hypotheses: H0 - Null
H1 Non-directional H2 Directional
- systematic - belief that cause and effect work a certain way
Ex: Weather has no effect on ice cream sales in Japan. Ex: Weather has an effect on ice cream sales in Japan. Ex: As the weather gets hotter, ice cream sales in Japan increase.
4. In this class, we work with Directional Hypotheses of Association (not Causation). But we often infer causality – see H2 above.
Footnote: DV = outcome – want to predict this IV = cause
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0aQ2h1tTSM&feature=youtu.be
Warning
On a "first submission," We may give warnings only. After that for all other written submissions, I often take off 1/2 point for one occurrence, and more (-1 point) for >3 or 4 occurrences. This is a rough guide for you.
When writing any work where you want readers (for example, your professor and TAs) to take you seriously, there are some wordings to avoid (or you look like an amateur), or use cautiously (only in the right places). This are the "Pro Tips."
Broadly, your entire written work consists of opinions the author thinks or believes are true. Don't use the below words and phrases. Statements that this is your opinion or belief do not need to be made--ever--it's true of everything ever written, so it's redundant, and hence unnecessary. It's bad form, and sends a bad message to the reader: "what else has the writer gotten wrong?"
Here are some of the most common wording errors– Avoid them and avoid a lower grade and become a more convincing writer.
"In conclusion," OK. Typically used in the last paragraph of a work.
"Thus," not as good, try to avoid usage.
"In my opinion," should never be used
"I believe," or "I think," should also never be used.
"Clearly," or "Obviously," should never be used. If it's obvious you do not have to state it.
