process

1. A specimen of 1050 steel was tested. The specimen has a rectangular cross section with the original width 0.517 inch, and the original thickness 0.127 inch. Its original length 3 inch. During the tensile test, the tensile force (lbf) and the elongation (L inch) were recorded in the table below, where data point 1 is the starting point and data point 32 is the fracture point.

a) Calculate stress () and strain () and fill in the Strain and Stress column below. Manually calculate the first two data points and the last two data points. You may use Excel to calculate the rest data points.

b) Manually plot stress-Strain curves ( – curves) on grid papers to scale.

c) Use your – curves from b) to calculate E = ? y = ? yield = ? T = ? T = ? failure = ?

Data Point	Tensile force (lbf)	Elongation (L inch)	Strain ( unit?)	Stress ( unit?)
1	0	0
2	308.771	0.002
3	856.26	0.004
4	1282.266	0.007
5	1652.015	0.009
6	1986.084	0.012
7	2401.83	0.016
8	2695.289	0.02
9	2938.653	0.025
10	3129.499	0.033
11	3315.621	0.047
12	3530.635	0.069
13	3748.405	0.1
14	3943.072	0.137
15	4122.867	0.187
16	4282.522	0.253
17	4335.87	0.285
18	4411.024	0.353
19	4447.924	0.407
20	4469.101	0.457
21	4480.235	0.503
22	4481.978	0.536
23	4477.684	0.587
24	4464.634	0.643
25	4434.144	0.705
26	4291.918	0.767
27	4032.485	0.78
28	3381.613	0.787
29	2738.528	0.792
30	1762.833	0.807
31	948.932	0.82
32	447.689	0.828

2. A Monel 400 pipe has 2.5 inch original outside diameter, 1.5 inch original inside diameter, and 38 inch original length. Calculate the tensile stress, tensile strain, final length, and its final outside diameter under the following conditions:

a) It is under a tensile force of 67,500 lbf along its length direction.

b) It is under a tensile force of 135,000 lbf along its length direction.

c) It is under a tensile force of 270,000 lbf along its length direction.

3. A ferrous supperalloy (410) cable has 28 mm original diameter and 25 m original length. This cable is designed to pull an elevator up at a constant speed. Calculate:

a) the maximum elevator weight that can be permitted on the cable without producing plastic deformation.

b) If the load is 600 kN, calculate the minimum cable diameter, such that the cable will not have permanent elongation.

4. A 3003 Aluminum rod has a rectangular cross section shape. Its original cross section width is 0.6”. Its original cross section thickness is 0.3”. Its original length is 6’. This rod is under a tensile force along its length direction.

a) To avoid permanent deformation, what is the maximum tensile force can be applied to this bar?

b) The design engineers want that this rod length does not increase more than 0.12” to ensure its alignment with other components during the operation. Calculate the maximum tensile force can be applied to this bar.

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