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Thematic Outline

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Article #	1
APA Citation	Sabrina C. Boyce, MPH, Kimberly C. Brouwer, PhD, Daniel Triplett, MPH, Argentina E. Servin, MD, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, MD, and Jay G. Silverman, PhD Childhood Experiences of Sexual Violence, Pregnancy, and Marriage Associated With Child Sex Trafﬁcking Among Female Sex Workers in Two US–Mexico Border Cities https://proxy.ccis.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=130649034&scope=site
What is the article about?	Analyzed data to evaluate relationships between pregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence when younger than 16 years, and child sex trafﬁcking.
Why was the research performed?	To quantitatively assess the relationships of childhood experiences of marriage, pregnancy, and sexual violence with underage sex trafﬁcking.
Findings	One fourth of participants were sex trafﬁcked when younger than 18 years, almost one third had a pregnancy when younger than 16 years (30.3%), 1 in 5 were married when younger than 16 years (20.1%), and nearly 1 in 6 experienced sexualviolencewhenyoungerthan16years (16.1%; Table 1). Among those who experienced child sex trafﬁcking, the majority had their ﬁrst pregnancy (54.3%), marriage (60.2%), and sexual violence experience (55.2%) before they were aged 16 years, marking this age category as a potentially important marker of risk.
Strengths	Notably, the current study clariﬁes that, for the majority of participants who started trading sex when they were younger than18years, these experiences ofpregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence occurred before or at the same age as being sex trafﬁcked.
Weaknesses	The data in this analysis are retrospective reports of events in childhood and adolescence from adult FSWs; thus, they may be subject to self-report and recall biases. Collecting data from adolescents who are currently sex trafﬁcked, while possibly reducing recall bias, is ethically questionable and presents extreme challenges in identifying this hidden population.
Implications for Practice	Experiences of pregnancy, marriage, and sexualviolencewhengirlsareyoungerthan16 years are likely markers of risk for subsequent child sex trafﬁcking in Mexico. These childhood experiences may provide an opportunity to identify adolescent girls at risk for sex trafﬁcking via the clinics and agencies that currently are working to prevent and reduce the harmful impact of underage pregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence in this context. Effective, empirically based prevention strategies are desperately needed to mitigate child sex trafﬁcking, HIV acquisition, and related health consequences. This data provides a critical step forward in informing such efforts.
Theme	A recent study among female sex workers (FSWs)in northern Mexicofoundthat1in4 were sex trafﬁcked when younger than 18 years and that those who were sex trafﬁcked as minors were 3 times more likely to acquire HIV,a ﬁnding that reinforces HIV risk among sex-trafﬁcked FSWs found in other global settings.
Theme	It is estimated that, globally, 1 in 3 sex trafﬁcking victims is a child, with the large majority being female.
Theme	Both marriage and sexual violence when younger than 16 years were more common in Tijuana than Ciudad Juárez.
Key Words	Child Sex Trafficking, Fighting Child Sex Trafficking, Sex trafficking in women and children, identifying sex trafficking victims, youth sex trafficking.

Article #	2
APA Citation	Kotrla, K. (2010). Domestic minor sex trafficking in the United States. Social work, 55(2), 181-187. https://proxy.ccis.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=110136340&scope=site
What is the article about?	The article is about Domestic minor sex trafficking in the United States. It identifies groups of minors at risk of becoming sex trafficking victims and some of the reasons why minor sex trafficking exists. The Gaps in services for the community are identified together with the appropriate and distinct roles of social workers in addressing the issue.
Why was the research performed?	To identify the prevalence of domestic minor sex trafficking in the united states and the factors that have favored this hideous activity, to accesses availability of recovery services for the sex trafficking survivor and to understand the role played by social workers in supporting sex trafficking survivors.
Findings	The culture of tolerance is a significant enabler for sex trafficking. Social workers need education on how to handle sex trafficking victims as well as empowerment to carry our advocacy and participate in policy formulation
Strengths	Good overview of the sex trafficking epidemic taking into consideration the prevailing laws as well as advocacy and Policy possibilities to help counter sex trafficking for minors. Excellent outline of the need for professional training for the social workers.
Weaknesses	Minimal coverage on the risk factors for sex trafficking victims.
Implications for Practice	Need for a study to appreciate the diversity that is present within the population and the flexibility factors that cause victims to tolerate their circumstance.
Theme	Benefits of advocacy and policy options.
Theme	The vulnerability of minor to Sex Trafficking.
Theme	Internet as a sex trafficking tool.
Key Words	Minor sex trafficking, social workers, youth sex trafficking, sex trafficking, sex trafficking awareness, identify trafficking victims

Article #	3
APA Citation	Cordisco Tsai, L. (2017). Conducting research with survivors of sex trafficking: Lessons from a financial diaries study in the Philippines. British Journal of Social Work, 48(1), 158-175. https://proxy.ccis.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=128026619&scope=site
What is the article about?	The relationship between sex trafficking victims and researchers. It addresses that complication associated with the research on trafficking survivors. Three hundred fifty-two interview sessions were conducted with sex trafficking survivors and their families in six months.
Why was the research performed?	To discover the process of guiding research with trafficked persons and interpersonal aspects that arise in the relationship between an interviewer and a survivor as well as their family..
Findings	Sex and human survivors are more comfortable opening up to social workers rather than researchers.
Strengths	Great effort made by researchers to enable them to connect with the survivors emotionally
Weaknesses	Failure to take into consideration the survivor’s viewpoint in the research questions.
Implications for Practice	There has been wide-ranging research on sex trafficking victims, how to; identify them, interact with then during the investigation, identify their vulnerabilities and support them through social works. However, how to curb sex and human trafficking are yet to be shown in research.
Theme	The process of building trust with survivors
Theme	Multifaceted interactions and managing Participants expectations
Theme	Importance of situational sensitivity among researchers / Emotional impact on researchers
Key Words	Human trafficking, trafficking research, research ethics.

Article #	4
APA Citation	Frey, L. M., Middleton, J., Gattis, M. N., & Fulginiti, A. (2018). Suicidal ideation and behavior among youth victims of sex trafficking in Kentuckiana. Crisis. https://proxy.ccis.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=30375247&scope=site
What is the article about?	Attempted suicide among the youth has become a worldwide epidemic. The article seeks to evaluate if there exists a mental health occurrence risk for the sex trafficking survivors as a result of the sex trafficking experiences. Though it is difficult to isolate the causes of outcomes from sex trafficking survivors are often at an additional risk of Post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health related concerns.
Why was the research performed?	To show the effect on sex trafficking on a survivor’s mental health. To establish whether sex trafficking was an attempted suicide risk factor for survivors.
Findings	The trauma from sex trafficking experiences is a risk factor for suicidal ideation. 75% of participants with sex trafficking history reported that they had experienced suicidal ideations.
Strengths	An extensive outline of post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety.
Weaknesses	The shallow range of sample population and a very predictive environment; the research focused of youth experiencing homelessness. Failure to put into consideration control condition for youth who are receiving help from social workers. This is necessary to establish if indeed therapy helps with post-traumatic stress.
Implications for Practice	Young sex trafficking victims frequently experience a more considerable risk of adverse psychological, social and physical issues, further young individuals experiencing homelessness are at a higher risk of sex trafficking. This statistic together with outcomes from existing research designate that programs servicing sex trafficking survivors require additional training and resources for identification, assessment, and screening of sex trafficking survivors to connect them with the trauma-informed services.
Theme	Current interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Theme	Risk Factors for sex trafficking victims.
Theme	Sex trafficking and risk for suicide.
Key Words (words or phrases used in your search)	Homelessness, human trafficking, sex trafficking, suicidal disclosure, suicide, youth.

Article #	5
APA Citation	Virbalienė, A., & Račkauskienė, S. (2011). Social Rehabilitation Process for Victims of Prostitution and Trafficking in women. Applied Research in Health & Social Sciences: Interface & Interaction/Sveikatos ir Socialiniu Mokslu Taikomieji Tyrimai: Sandura ir Saveika, 8(1).
What is the article about?	The process of social rehabilitation for victims of Prostitution and sex trafficking in women. The post-traumatic stress associated with prostitution and sex trafficking victims makes it very difficult for them to resume normal life once they have become survivors.
Why was the research performed?	To establish how social workers, implement the procedure of social rehabilitation for victims.
Findings	Social restoration is a complicated process; social workers, however, play a vital role in assisting sex trafficking survivors.
Strengths	Extensively covers the role of social workers on restoring sex trafficking survivors. Proper analysis of the personal and social skills acquired by the survivors during their interactions with the social workers. Conclusive survivors’ needs assessment indicators.
Weaknesses	Failure to briefly describe the qualifications of the social worker.
Implications for Practice	Social workers role in helping sex trafficking victims is elaborated, the various essentials that survivors will need to be restored are conclusively described; however, there has not been substantial information in this paper or in existing research on the impact of a social workers’ training in their ability to impart survivors.
Theme	Sex trafficking survivor needs assessment.
Theme	Role of a social worker in survivor rehabilitation.
Key Words (words or phrases used in your search)	Social worker, needs assessment, social rehabilitation. sex trafficking, prostitution, trafficking in women.

Article #	6
APA Citation	Hayes, S., & Unwin, P. (2016). Comparing the cultural factors in the sexual exploitation of young people in the UK and USA: Insights for social workers. Revista de Asistenta Sociala, (1), 27.
What is the article about?	The extent of awareness of Child sex trafficking and Child sex exploitation and the responsibility of social workers in the protection of young people from sexual exploitation and trafficking.
Why was the research performed?	To establish the level of awareness for sex trafficking, child sex exploitation in the United Kingdom and the United States.
Findings	Both the United Kingdom and the United States are experiencing a process of social change in sex trafficking.
Strengths	Expounds on the importance of Social worker’s professional training when handling child sex trafficking and Child sex exploitation victims.
Weaknesses	Failure to focus on the role of social workers’ in sex trafficking.
Implications for Practice	Research needs to be conducted to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of social workers' concerning their professional training.
Theme	Domestic minor sex trafficking disclosures.
Theme	Children are not responsible for sexual exploitation and trafficking.
Theme	Social work practice is effective in addressing sex trafficking.
Key Words (words or phrases used in your search)	Child sex trafficking, Child sexual exploitation, domestics minor sex trafficking, commercial sex exploitation of children.