NEED IN 12 HOURS or LESS

PLEASE UPLOAD EACH DISCUSSION SEPARATELY!!!!

Respond to the Classmate’s Discussion (below) as you would in a face- to face class by stating why you agree as pertaining to the discussion. Your response posts need to be at least 250 words each. Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas by citing at least two scholarly and peer-reviewed sources in addition to the course text. in APA format.

Discussion 1 (Raymond)

The mental illness I chose to write about is Bipolar Disorder and according to Martin [2018] it is stated that "Bipolar disorder of the brain that causes dramatic shifts in mood episodes, where affected individuals swings from periods of mania to periods of depression", However, every person is different and this illness to those who suffer from it will not endure the same symptoms or feel what another person feels because they have the same mental illness.

During the manic episodes some people will suffer from insomnia, talk very fast, have impulsive behavior, question their worth, and become very agitated and some people feel they have special powers and will even go on very expensive shopping sprees without regard to the consequences after such impulses and behaviors. When we study bipolar it equates to biological factors and genetics and have physical changes within the brain and their family members have also been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and the symptoms to watch for will be a person who is laid back and quiet and all of a sudden become very loud and aggressive a increase in their activities whereas, sleeping becomes difficult as well as decision-making choices and the best remedy would be drug-therapy, mood stabilizers, counseling and case management.

The human service provider working with these people who suffer from bipolar disorder must be very patient because it will take sometime to have a relationship [professional] with the client and through communication and listening to the client shows the client that you are being attentive to what their problem is without being judgmental. As the therapy continues with the client it will show you what is working in the process and what needs to be changed but most important we must understand that what is working today might not work tomorrow so always be prepared for change. The therapist could also use the Illness Management Recovery [IMR], to assist in their recovery which is a evidence-based treatment which focuses on teaching the client self- management skills because as I stated before, each person is different and what might not work for others might work for the client you are treating. I spoke about medication and it is essential that you get from the client the side-effects as well as the results the

medication is having on them to see if the medication is actually helping the client or worsening their condition.

References:

Martin, M. E. [2018]. Introduction to human services: Through the eyes of practice settings [4th ed.]. Pearson

Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar/symptoms- causes/syc-20355955

Respond to the Classmate’s Discussion (below) as you would in a face- to face class by stating why you agree as pertaining to the discussion. Your response posts need to be at least 250 words each. Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas by citing at least two scholarly and peer-reviewed sources in addition to the course text. in APA format.

Discussion 2 (Melissa)

Defining Schizophrenia

Mental illness affects many worldwide, and treatment approaches vary from cognitive behavioral therapy to medication. According to Fei et al. (2023), mental illness continues to increase, and twenty million people have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Psychotic disorders are health conditions that cause a person to have a distorted view of reality. Schizophrenia is a type of psychotic disorder that affects a person's thinking process and behavior. Men tend to show signs of symptoms between the age of eighteen and twenty-five, while for women, it is between twenty-five and mid-thirties, and for either gender, diagnosis is rare before the age of fifteen (Crawford & Go, 2022). An individual's brain development, environment, and genetic makeup can be factors in being diagnosed with the illness. Diagnosing a person with a psychotic disorder is necessary to begin intervention planning and the implementation of treatment strategies.

Symptoms and Treatment

Those diagnosed with schizophrenia demonstrate early warning signs categorized as either positive or negative, and the frequency and length of time the symptom exists are contributing factors in diagnosing the mental illness (Martin, 2018). The symptoms associated with mental illness are hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, disorganized speech and thoughts, inappropriate emotional responses, and unstable mood (Martin, 2018). A cure for the mental disorder has yet to be developed, but interventions can be administered to clients that treatment to reduce the symptoms and stabilize a person. The treatment for schizophrenia should continue through a person's lifetime, and the

earlier intervention can occur, the better quality of life a person can have. According to Crawford and Go (2022), the most effective treatments are antipsychotic medications, therapy, and physician oversight to ensure the treatment plan's effectiveness. A person with a mental illness can receive all treatment necessary in an outpatient setting. However, if the symptoms intensify, treatment in a secure setting may be necessary to prevent harm to oneself or others.

A Human Services Professional Care Plan

A human services professional can assist a client with schizophrenia by monitoring treatment compliance and providing resource referrals for housing assistance, job readiness programs, substance abuse treatment, and support groups to build social skills. Those with schizophrenia have higher mortality rates than the general population due to substance use, suicide, and increased rate of cardiovascular and respiratory disease (Crawford & Go, 2022). A human service professional with that knowledge should incorporate routine primary care prevention appointments into a client's case plan. To further be an asset to the client with a mental illness such as schizophrenia, meeting routinely with the client to assess their strengths and address any challenges will help to ensure engagement in their treatment plan. Those working with the vulnerable population should educate themselves on the signs of mental health to recognize them and make the appropriate service referrals to ensure the best quality of life.

References Crawford, P., & Go, K. V. (2022). Schizophrenia. American Family Physician, 106(4), 388. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly- journals/schizophrenia/docview/2724630234/se-2Links to an external site. Fei, X., Wang, S., Li, J., Wang, J., Gao, Y., & Hu, Y. (2023). The efficacy and safety of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia: Protocol for an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 17(3), 1– 8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283185Links to an external site.

Martin, M. E. (2018). Introduction to human services: Through the eyes of practice settings. Pearson.

Respond to the Classmate’s Discussion (below) as you would in a face- to face class by stating why you agree as pertaining to the discussion. Your response posts need to be at least 250 words each. Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas by citing at least two scholarly and peer-reviewed sources in addition to the course text. in APA format.

Discussion 3 (Nicole)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental illness characterized by recurrent and intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses, and repetitive behaviors or mental acts to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared outcome (Frost, 1997). The obsessions are often related to contamination, harm, symmetry or order, and sexual or religious themes, while the compulsions involve repetitive actions such as washing, checking, counting, or ordering. OCD is a chronic and disabling condition that affects approximately 1-2% of the general population (Frost, 1997).

Research the possible causes of the illness, who is at risk, the symptoms, and some of the available treatments and therapies. Explain to the class in two to three paragraphs.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects individuals of all ages (March et al., 1994). The symptoms of OCD can vary widely between individuals and can include a range of obsessions and compulsions such as checking, washing, counting, and repeating. These symptoms can be time-consuming, interfere with daily activities, and cause significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning (March et al. 1994). Diagnosis of OCD is based on the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming, cause marked distress or impairment, and are not due to the effects of a substance or another medical condition (March et al. 1994). It is important to note that individuals with OCD often experience significant shame and embarrassment about their symptoms, which can lead to delays in seeking help or reluctance to disclose their symptoms to others (March et al. 1994).

The treatment of OCD consists of various modalities, including medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications are the first-line treatment for OCD and include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). SSRIs are preferred over TCAs because of their better tolerability and safety profile. Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), is another effective treatment modality for OCD. CBT aims to expose the patient to their obsessions and compulsions and help them develop new coping mechanisms to manage their symptoms. Lifestyle changes, such as exercise, reducing stress, and improving sleep hygiene, may also be helpful in managing OCD symptoms. These lifestyle changes aim to reduce the patient's overall stress level, which may exacerbate OCD symptoms. Additionally, dietary supplements such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and inositol have shown promise in managing OCD symptoms. NAC has been found to reduce compulsive behavior and improve mood in OCD patients, while inositol has been found to reduce OCD symptoms and improve the overall quality of life (Sarris et al., 2012). In conclusion, the treatment of OCD requires a multimodal approach, with medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes being the mainstay of therapy.

Continue to teach the class by training them how they could each, as human services professionals, work with an individual diagnosed with this mental illness as part of a broader treatment plan.

As a human services professional, it is crucial to understand and work with individuals diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD is a mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, causing repetitive and intrusive thoughts that can greatly disrupt daily life. In order to provide effective and compassionate care for those with OCD, human services professionals must have a thorough understanding of the disorder, techniques for working with patients, and the ability to incorporate treatment plans as part of a broader approach.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for OCD, with the most common form of CBT being Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). ERP involves exposing the patient to their feared stimuli while preventing them from engaging in their compulsions. The goal of ERP is to habituate the patient to their obsessions and reduce the frequency and intensity of their compulsions. However, ERP can be challenging for some individuals due to the distress it initially causes. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate a treatment plan that is tailored to the individual's needs (Simpson, 2007).

References

Frost, R., Steketee, G. (April, 1997). Perfectionism in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients. vol 35, issue 4. pgs 291-296. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796796001088Links to an external site.

J. Sarris, S. Moylan, D. A. Camfield, M. P. Pase, D. Mischoulon, M. Berk, F. N. Jacka, I. Schweitzer. (2012). Complementary Medicine, Exercise, Meditation, Diet, and Lifestyle Modification for Anxiety Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2012, Article ID 809653, 20 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/809653Links to an external site.

March, J., Mulle, K., Herbel, B. (1994). Behavioral Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Open Trial of a New Protocol- Driven Treatment Package. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol 33, issue 3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0890856709641745Links to an external site.

Simpson, H., Zuckoff, A., Page, J., Franklin, M., Foa, E. (July 27, 2007). Adding Motivational Interviewing to Exposure and Ritual Prevention for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: An Open Pilot Trial. vol. 37, issue 1, pg 38-49.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16506070701743252