I need a reflection paper about 900 words for humanities. I have also attached instructuons and summary of chapters if you might need it. The book that is being taught in the class is the creative impulse 8th ed.

After completing this chapter, students should be able to complete the following student

learning outcomes:

A. Become familiar with the chronological flow of the history of Ancient Rome. B. Identify individuals who helped shape Roman history. C. Be familiar with specific artistic, architectural, legal, philosophical, religious and

theatrical achievements of Ancient Rome. D. Know how the Romans employed the arts for public purposes. E. Be able to discuss how the Romans were able to govern a geographical entity

that stretched, at one time, from Scotland to Persia. F. Consider the lasting contributions in the areas of law and government,

philosophy, literature, language and the visual and performing arts.

Hollywood has created a ROMANticized view of Roman history that is often filled with inaccurate information. However, Roman history and humanities are very fascinating without all the Hollywood hoopla. What started out as a small village turned into a vast empire in which all roads truly did lead back to the city of Rome. Refer to the map on page 116.

How did this happen? Well, there are many important events related to the rise and fall of this enormous empire. One of the main things to do is to notice what occurred during the Republican Period and the Imperial Period (Roman Empire). Roman history is one of many conquests. One thing the Romans excelled at was taking the best ideas from the people they conquered. They learned about arches from the Etruscans and others, and this structural element was very important in construction. The Romans perfected the arch and its use. From it, they could make arcades, vaults, and domes. By the way, there is a typo on p. 130. Figure 4.23 is the vault and figure 4.24 is the arcade. Look at the technology section about cement on p. 130. There you will see that the cement is truly a Roman invention. No longer did stones have to be cut to fit piece to piece. And, did you realize that many of those Greek columns were made by sections with a hole in the center through which a pole was placed to hold them together? It also allowed them to have concrete. No wonder so many of their buildings are still standing!

The Roman

Period

There are two temples in the textbook that you should look at: the Temple of Fortuna Virilis (also known as the Temple of Portunus) on p. 127 and the Pantheon on pp. 128- 129. The Temple of Fortuna Virilis was built during the Republican Period. At first it looks like a small Greek temple, but take a closer look. It is not peripteral. The columns along the sides are engaged columns, half-columns attached to the wall. On p. 127, you will read how the Romans borrowed parts of Greek and Etruscan temples. The Romans also borrowed ancestor worship from the Etruscans, a group of people who most likely migrated from the East to the Italian peninsula. One reason that Roman sculpture seems so life like is that many works of sculpture were made from death masks. The Romans prided themselves on their ancestry and revered their ancestors, so many of them kept these sculptures in shrine-like areas of their homes. Back to the temple. The Romans allowed commoners inside the cella to look around the temple. It not only was the house of the god or gods, but also it was a place that housed the treasures they stole from conquered people. The Romans were such masters of propaganda. They got the people in the temple to respect the system of the gods and then flaunted the power of the Roman military and leaders by showing off stolen booty! It must have seemed as though they were truly blessed by the gods.

Actual worship was mostly done privately, not publicly. That is often hard to believe when you look at the elaborate Pantheon on pp. 128-129. It was built in the Imperial Period when architecture became more flamboyantly decorated. Corinthian columns were often used. The Pantheon is truly a wonder of architecture. It was designed to make the visitor feel as though he had entered a heavenly space. The interior is a sphere with an oculus (round, eye-like opening) at the top. Originally, the ceiling was covered with gold. You can imagine how brilliant sunlight would have made that look. It was dedicated to all the gods (pan=all, theon=gods) and had statues of seven of the major gods placed in niches around the interior wall. From the painting on p. 129, you can see that at certain times of the year, the sun would appear to rest above one of these statues. The massive dome was made lighter by the use of square coffers in the ceiling and support by walls that are eighteen feet thick at certain points. Drains were placed in the floor to take of water when it rained. Even today with much of the decoration missing and faded, it is quite a sight to see and space to experience.

Focus on the following in chapter 4:

1. The major events and people associated with the Roman Republic and Roman Empire periods.

2. The major works of Roman literature, philosophy and theatre. 3. The figures of art and artifacts illustrated in the book, such as fig. 4.11 Hercules

and Telephos. 4. The terms in italics or quotations and with the pronunciation given after them,

such as pantomime.

5. Roman public architecture, especially temples, Roman portraiture and wall painting.

6. The “Our Dynamic World” section.