about China and the Modern West history

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Week 6 (Feb. 11/12/14) The Communist Revolution and WWII

REQUIRED READINGS: Fairbank and Goldman, China, 301-326; Ebrey, Chinese Civilization,

sections 78, 83.

(Due to class cancellation in week 2, this weekly schedule of lectures is slightly different

from that in the syllabus, and it also includes the first class lecture in week 8)

Film: Salisbury’s Report on China: Part 1 (Feb. 11)

-Pre-film lecture: Academic style for exam and term papers

*The film is about early history of the Chinese Communist Party and its major leaders

Take-home Midterm Examination (Feb. 12)

No class/No lecture

Notice: The class time will be used by students to complete and submit the take-home midterm

exam papers.

Mao’s Communism & the Long March (Feb. 14)

: What is communism?

What’s similarity/difference between Marxist and Maoist communism?

1. Mao’s Rural Revolution

A. Rural struggles

-Mao Zedong: the Autumn Harvest Uprising in Hunan province 湖南 秋收起义

*Red Army 红军

*Mao: “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun” 枪杆子里面出政权

* Mao Zedong 毛泽东（1893-1976）, native of Hunan Province 湖南省

* No. 1 Marshal Zhu De 朱德 (1886-1976), native of Sichuan Province 四川省 B. Rural bases

-Jiangxi (Chiang-hsi) Soviet 江西苏区

*Jinggang Mountain: Hunan-Jiangxi borders 井冈山： 湖南-江西

*Ruijin region: Jiangxi-Fujian borders 瑞金： 江西-福建 *CCP’s rural bases across China

: Why CCP’s rural bases were all located on provincial borders?

C. Rural Soviet

-Chinese Soviet Republic, Ruijin 中华苏维埃共和国，瑞金 *Chairman Mao

D. Rural reforms

*______ reform：Poor peasants vs. landlords > rich peasants

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E. Guerrilla warfare 游击战 -Mao’s guerrilla tactics

The enemy advances, we ______;

The enemy camps, we ______;

The enemy tires, we ______;

The enemy retreats, we ______;

*Mao & 4 CCP’s campaigns against GMD troops

: Was Mao a military plagiarist?

F. Mao vs. CCP Politburo (+Comintern/USSR)

-Mao vs. Bo Gu 博古 (1907-46): Land reform

*Mao vs. Li De 李德 (Otto Braun 1900-74): Guerrilla war 游击战 vs. ______

-German: Gen. Seeckt /GMD Army Trench war 堑壕战: ______ *GMD’s 5th campaign

: Why KMT could defeat CCP in southern China in the mid-1930s?

2. Long March

-From Jiangxi (south China)->Shaanxi province (Northwest China) 江西-陕西 *_______ miles / ______ days

*Crossed _____ provinces/_______ cities/______mountain ranges/_______ large rivers

*Frequency of wars on the Long March

-_________ soldiers [at the beginning] --->_______ survivors [at the end]

*Women on the Long March

-Zunyi (Tsun-yi) conference 遵义会议 *Mao+ Zhou Enlai vs. Bo Gu + Otto Braun

*Mao as CCP’s chairman?

- CCP’s Shaanxi base & Xi Zhongxun (Hsi Chung-hsün, 1913-2002) 习仲勋 *CCP’s savior->Mao’s victim->Leading reformer->Father of PRC’s president at present

3. The Xi’an (Hsi-an) Incident 西安事变 -Red Army in Shaanxi

[Japan’s control of Manchuria 9/18, 1931-]

*Gen. Zhang Xueliang’s Manchurian army: Retreat to Xi’an

-Zhang kidnapped Jiang Jieshi

*Jiang and the 2nd united front

*Mao-Stalin’s exchange

*Gen. Zhang’s half-century house arrest

: Why Mao’s communist was attractive to poor peasants/radical intellectuals

before 1937 and to more Chinese populace after 1937?

Reading break

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World War II and Communist Revival (Feb. 25)

: When and where did WWII start?

Yin-Yang Evolution of Modern China and Foreign Powers

1) Relative unity: Late Qing-Early Republic 1839-1916

-Disunity by warlords’ civil wars/Entry in WWI 1916-27

2) Relative unity under GMD regime [with German back] 1927-37

- Disunity by Japanese war & GMD-CCP civil wars 1937-49___

1. Japan’s full-scale war

-Japanese full-scale war starting from Beijing

*Japan’s seizure of Shanghai

*Nanjing Massacre

*Film: In the Name of the Emperor

2. CCP-GMD 2nd united front

-GMD-ruled area: Chongqing (Chungking) 重庆 Southwest China

*CCP-ruled area: Yan’an 延安 Northwest China -CCP under the 2nd United Front

*Stop ________ war

*Continued land reform? (Fairbank & Goodman, China, p. 318)

*Rename the Red Army as ________in northern China

as ________in southern China

: What’s difference between the 1st and 2nd united fronts between GMD and CCP?

3. Jiang Jieshi & GMD in Chongqing (Chungking)/Southwest China

-GMD and Sun Yat-sen’s 3 People’s Principles

a. Sun Yat-sen’s Principle 1: Nationalism

-_______ control of Southwest China:

*Sichuan/Guizhou/Yunnan provinces 四川省/贵州省/云南省 -________battles against Japanese offensives

*New 4th Army Incident

*Burma Road

b. Sun Yat-sen’s Principle 2: Democracy

-Jiang Jieshi”s new form of dictatorship

c. Sun Yat-sen’s Principle 3: Socialism

-Policy toward peasants ________

*Policy toward economy ________

*Conscription policy _________

: Why GMD lost popular support during WWII?

4. Mao & CCP in Yan’an (Northwest China)

-CCP’s rural bases in Shaanxi (Shaan-hsi 陕西) and Japanese-ruled areas

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- Mao Zedong Thoughts

* Mao, On Practice (1937)/实践论

*Mao, On Contradiction (1937)/矛盾论

-Mao’s “New Democracy” 新民主主义 a. _______ in governments

b. _______ in policy-making process

: Why CCP in WWII was/wasn’t a democratic regime? Why was it popular?

-CCP’s Armed struggles

*CCP’s Armies

*CCP’s warfare

[Japanese troops’ “3 all” policy]

-CCP’s rural reforms:

*______ reduction

*______cooperatives

-Mao’s Personal dictatorship

*Rectification campaign 整风运动: Personal thoughts vs. Maoism *Chairman Mao of CCP

-Mao’s marriages & dictatorship

*Mao & Luo Yigu 罗一姑 (1889-1910)

*Mao & Yang Kaihui 杨开慧 （1901-30）

*Mao & He Zizhen 贺子珍 (1909-84)

*Mao & Jiang Qing （Ch’ing）江青 （1914-91）