about China and the Modern West history

1

Week 5 (Feb. 4/5/7) The Nationalist Revolution

REQUIRED READINGS: Fairbank and Goldman, China, 275-301; Ebrey, Chinese Civilization,

sections 80-81.

(Due to class cancellation in week 2, this weekly schedule of lectures is slightly different

from that in the syllabus, and it also includes the first class lecture in the next week)

-Lectures on “World War I and New Western Influence”/ “The May 4th Movement vs.

Westernization” (For details, see Week 4 lecture outlines for Jan. 31 and Feb. 4 classes)/ Feb. 4

The Nationalist Revolution & Soviet Impacts (Feb. 5)

1. Founding of the CCP (the Chinese Communist Party)

-Chen Duxiu turned to Comintern (Communist International/USSR)

: Why Chinese intellectuals turned away from Western democracy

to European Marxism and Russian communism?

-CCP’s 1st conference in Shanghai

*13 Chinese intellectuals & 2 Comintern agents

-Mao Zedong (1893-1976)/ Hunan Province

2. The 1st United Front of GMD/CCP

-Sun Yat-sen’s Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, KMT/Guomindang, GMD)

*Canton Governments: 1917-19/1920-22/1923

: Why Sun’s long-established GMD needed to ally with the newly formed CCP?

-Sun Yat-sen’s 3 new people's principles

*Nationalism: From anti-Manchu to ____________

*Democracy: From 5-power government to _________

*Socialism (People’s livelihood): Limiting landholding/capital vs. ___________

: Why and How Sun Yat-sen initiated party dictatorship in modern Chinese history?

-GMD as a __________ party

*Party discipline

*Democratic centralism

*Party dictatorship

-Sun’s death 1925

-Party-army under Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek 蒋介石) (1887-1975)

*Whampoa (Huangpu) Military Academy 黄埔军校 -1, 000 USSR _____/______ advisers

*Mikhail Borodin (1884-1951): Chief adviser

*USSR Generals: V. Galen (V. Blyuker) and A. I Yegorov

3. The Northern Expedition 北伐战争 -Jiang Jieshi as Commander-in-Chief

2

*Western route vs. Confucian Gen. Wu Peifu in Wuhan 吴佩孚 武汉

*[Central route vs. Bandit Gen. Zhang Zuolin in Beijing] 张作霖 北京 *Eastern route vs. Gen. Sun Chuanfang in Shanghai 孙传芳 上海 -Party-state: From Canton to Wuhan/under leftist leaders:

*Song Qingling宋庆龄 (1893-1981)

*Wang Jingwei汪精卫 (1883-1944) -CCP & Mao: Peasant & labor movements

*May 30th movement

-Jiang Jieshi: Shanghai massacre of _____/________

: Why GMD and CCP split at the end of the North Expedition?

The Nationalist Regime & Foreign Powers (Feb. 7)

Yin-Yang Evolution of Modern China and Foreign Powers

1) Relative unity: Late Qing-Early Republic 1839-1916

-Disunity by warlords’ civil wars/Entry in WWI 1916-27

2) Relative unity under GMD regime [with German back] 1927-37

Sun Yat-sen’s 3 chief bodyguards from Canada

*Overseas Chinese Dare-to-die Vanguards 华侨敢死先锋队

*Ma Xiang 马湘 (1889-1973)

*Huang Huilong 黄惠龙 (1878-1949)

*2-gun[Morris] Cohen 马坤 (1887-1970)

-Jiang Jieshi/Nanjing Government (1927-37): Judged by Sun’s 3 People’s Principles

1. Principle one: Nationalism and the Nanjing regime

A. National unification

-2nd-stage Northern Expedition

*Gen. Zhang Zuolin’s retreat: Beijing->Manchuria

*Japanese assassination of Zhang Zuolin in Mukden (Shenyang)

*Gen. Zhang Xueliang (Hsüeh-liang) 张学良: Manchurian surrender to GMD B. National independence

-_______ autonomy

-Japan’s invasion of Manchuria and Northern China

*Jiang’ Jieshi’s (+Zhang Xueliang): __________ policy toward Japan

: Why the Nationalist government succeeded but also failed in nationalism?

2. Principle two: Democracy and the Nanjing regime -Chiang’s 5-power government

* Executive 行政院

*Legislative 立法院

*Judicial 司法院

*Examination 考试院

*Control 监察院

3

-Jiang’s personal dictatorship

a. Familial relations

-Jiang’s marriage with Mao Fumei 毛福梅 (1882-1939, m. 1901)

Chen Jieru 陈洁如 (1906-71, m. 1921)

Song Meiling 宋美龄 (1897-2003, m 1927)

*Sun Yat-sen and Song Qingling 宋庆龄

*H. H. Kung 孔祥熙 and Song Ailing 宋蔼龄

*T. V. Song宋子文 -Jiang-Chen brothers: CC Clique of GMD

[Chen Qimei 陈其美 (1878-1916)]

*Chen Guofu 陈果夫 (1892-1951)

*Chen Lifu 陈立夫(1900-2001) b. German connections

-German military advisers

*Colonel General Hans von Seeckt (1866-1936)

*Central army and _________ warfare

*Cadets of Whampoa Academy: Secret police: _________

*New Life Movement 新生活运动

3. Principle 3: Socialism (people’s livelihood) and the Nanjing regime

-Bourgeois government?

*Feudal government?

: Was the Nanjing regime a weak or strong party dictatorship?

Film: Salisbury’s Report on China: Part 1 (Feb. 11)

-Pre-film lecture

*The film is about early history of the Chinese Communist Party and its major leaders