about China and the Modern West history

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Week 12 (Mar. 24/25/27) China’s Rise as a Global Power

REQUIRED READING: Fairbank and Goldman, China, 429-51, 457-60; Ebrey, Chinese

Civilization, section 100.

1) 1st –round discussions & presentations: Maximum 2.5 marks for each student

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4

Speech: 84 79 86 74

Text: 80 85 95 80

Average: 82 82 90.5 77

Grade for each student in a group: 90-100=2.5 marks; 85-89=2.0; 80-84=1.5; 75-79=1.0

2) 2nd round discussions: Maximum 2.5 marks+2 bonus marks for each student

1.5 marks for each student at Mar. 11 class discussion +1 bonus mark (with note);

Maximum 2 marks for a student with reading note for March 18 discussion:

[For a reading note receiving 50% grade, the student receives 1 out of the 2 marks]

3) The deadline for submitting term papers to the coursespace is postponed to April 3, 2020. The requirements for the term paper (see course outline, p. 4):

3.1) About 5 pages in length (double-spaced)/Submit only word document. 3.2) Cite sources from the two main textbooks and from at least two additional

academic publications (internet sources must be publications of an academic

nature[with notes and bibliographies for citing sources])

3.3) The marks for the term paper will be based on the coherency of arguments, the adequacy of sources, the quality of analysis, and the correctness of writing

and academic style.

3.4) Academic Style (examples of Chicago style) A. Notes for cited books:

a. The 1st note for a cited book:

Given-name Surname, Book Title: Subtitle (City, State: Press, Year), pp.

b. The 2nd -X notes for citing the same book:

Surname, Shortened Book Title, pp.

B. Notes for cited articles:

a. The 1st note for a cited article

Given-name Surname, “Article Title: Subtitle.”Journal Title 1, no. 2 (Year): pp.

b. The 2nd -X notes for citing the same article:

Surname, “Shortened Article Title,” pp.

C. Bibliography (in alphabetic order of authors’ surnames)

a. For a cited book:

Surname, Given-name. Book Title: Subtitle. City, State: Press, Year.

b. For a cited article:

Surname, Given-name. “Article Title: Subtitle.”Journal Title 1, no. 2 (Year): p-p

3.5) How to find additional sources after UVic libraries are closed: Use key words (relating to your topic) to search “Articles” at UVic library

website: https://www.uvic.ca/library/find/articles/index.php

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Film: Salisbury’s Report on China: Part 3 (Mar. 24)/Cancelled

The film is about Chinese history in 1972-1989, starting from Deng Xiaoping’s rehabilitation

and Nixon’s visit to China in 1972 to Deng’s suppression of student protests in Beijing in 1989.

China at the Turn of the Century (Mar. 25)

1. Reforms in the Late 19th & 20th Centuries: A comparision

-Qing restoration from 2nd Opium War/4 rebellions 1851-74

-Self-strengthening Movement 1861-94

*Including diplomatic/military/economic reforms [failed by the mid-1890s]

-Emperor Guangxu led the 1898 political reform:

Empress Dowager ended reform/put Emperor Guangxu under house arrest 1898-1908

*Cixi supported Anti-foreign Boxer movement 1900

*Cixi turned to more radical political reforms: New Policy reform 1901-11

*Caused Republican Revolution 1911

-PRC’s recovery from the Great Leap Forward/Great Famine/Cultural Revolution 1958-76-

*[CCP’s Self-strengthening] reforms 1978-

*Open door +economic reforms >Political reform

*Caused student protest in the Tian’anmen Square movement 1989

*Deng Xiaoping suppressed student protests [similar to Cixi]

put General Secretary Zhao Ziyang under house arrest 1989-2005

*Deng: further open door>Anti-foreignism

Further economic reforms>Political reform [differed from Cixi] 1989-

: What are similarities and differences in late 19th- and late 20th- century reforms?

2. Further Economic Reforms

: Why Deng led China into further economic reforms rather than political reforms?

-USSR collapse (CCP’s lesson: Avoid political reform without economic success) 1991

*Deng’s southern tour to Shenzhen Special Economic Zone深圳-> expansion of the reformist zone to Shanghai

A. Open door policy

-For gaining foreign capital/technology/trade

*Foreign investment: US $ 5.2 billion 1986

$ 65 billion 2005

B. Industrial reform -Promote private/foreign enterprises

*Unprofitable state enterprises: 50% 1996

*Privatization through collective shareholding (managers + workers=shareholders) 1997-

*Caused unemployment: 11% + 1997 -> 17 % 2005

C. Rural changes

-Farming by 50% of rural laborers [Many men went to work in cities] 1990s

*Feminization of agriculture

*“Floating [rural] population” in cities

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3. Political changes without reforms

A. Personnel changes

-Deng Xiaoping’s death (at the age of 93, 1904-97) 1997

[Emperor Qianlong: died at 88y: Longest lived national leader before Deng] 1799]

-General Secretary of CCP 1989-

1) Jiang Zemin江泽民 (b. 1926-) 1989-2002 -Yangzhou native

*Technocrat

2) Hu Jintao胡锦涛 (b.1942-) 2002-2012

-Native of Anhui Province安徽省? [in CCP’s propaganda]

*Or Taizhou (泰州 Yangzhou) native, Jiangsu province? [To hide hometown ties with Jiang] *Hydraulic engineer/ Technocrat

3) Xi (His) Jinping Chin-ping 习近平 (b. 1953- ) -CCP general secretary Nov. 15, 2012-

Chairman of the CCP Military Commission

*PRC state chairman Mar. 14, 2013-

*Xi Jinping’s wife: Peng Liyuan彭丽媛: Pop singer/Major general

-Xi Jinping: a member of “Crown Prince Clique” 太子党 -Father Xi Zhongxun (1913-2002)

*CCP leader in Northwest rural base [savior of CCP after the Long March] 1933-

*Vice-Prime minister 1959-62

*Mao’s victim in political purge 1962-78

*Returned as leading reformer in Canton after Mao’s death 1978-

-Xi Jinping: Turned from Beijing student into peasant -1969- (16y)

-Education at Tsinghua University 清华大学:

*Worker-peasant-soldier student 工农兵学员 1975-79 *Earned the Doctor of Law? [completed doctoral program as a provincial official] 1998-2002

-Vice-party-chief/Governor of Fujian province福建省 1995- 2002 -Killer of official corruption?

*Yuanhua Co. scandal远华案 n Fujian: The largest scam/corruption scandal 1994-99

-Lai Changxing (赖昌星 1958- ), Fujian native *CEO of Yuanhua Co.: $10 billion scam 1994

*Refugee in Canada 1999-2011

*Extradited to China 2011

*Life imprisonment 2012

-14 accomplices executed

*300 officials tried

*Comparison of Canadian extradition of Lai Changxing to China & Meng Wanzhou to U.S.

: Why personnel change in CCP’s leadership showed political progression/regression?

B. Power Struggles [through anti-corruption campaigns] 1989-

-Central vs. Provincial authorities:

4 provincial-level municipalities: Tianjin/Beijing/Shanghai/Chongqing

4

1) Gen. Secretary Jiang Zemin vs. Beijing CCP Chief Chen Xitong 1995

[Chen Hsi-t’ung陈希同, 1930-2013] *Jiang charged Chen: Taking $100,000 bribe/ 16-year imprisonment 1998-2006-

2) Gen. Secretary Hu Jintao vs. Shanghai CCP Chief Chen Liangyu陈良宇(1946- ) 2006 *Hu. charged Chen: Taking $ 340,000 bribe/18-year imprisonment 2008-

3) Gen. Secretary Xi (Hsi) Jinping vs. Chongqing CCP Chief Bo Xilai 薄熙来(1949- )2012 [Po Hsi-lai]

*Xi charged Bo: Taking $3.5 million bribe/life imprisonment

-Bo Xilai’s Downfall, 2011-12

*Bo’s wife Gu Kailai谷开来 : Murder of Neil Heywood/Received suspended death sentence

*Bo’s police chief Wang Lijun 王立军: Sought asylum in US/15 year imprisonment

C. Anti-corruption at the Top Level

-Officials of General Secretary Jiang Zemin (1989-2002):

1) Zhou Yongkang周永康: “Security Tsar” -2012 * Politburo Standing Committee member -2012

*Life imprisonment for taking bribe: $ 20 million 2015

2) Gen. Xu Caihou/Guo Boxiong: Vice chairmen of CCP’s Military Commission

Demanded cash for rank [promotion] in army -2012

*Xu: died in 2015/Guo: Life imprisonment , 2016-

3) Officials of General Secretary Hu Jintao (2007-12)

-Ling Jihua令计划, Chief of Staff of General Secretary Hu Jintao 2007-12 *Life imprisonment for Bribery & Abuse of power 7/2016-

-Amendment of the 1982 PRC constitution 3/11, 2018

*Abolishment of 2-term limit of statement chairmanship (presidency) for President Xi Jinping

-President Xi’s X:

Personal dictatorship?

Party division?

Political democracy?

*Absolute power equals absolute corruption 绝对权力等于绝对腐败

: Why CCP’s General Secretaries Jiang/Hu/and Xi all benefited from

anti-corruption campaigns?

The 2nd Round of Presentations of group discussions (Mar. 27)/ Cancelled