12-15 pages

Secondary sources:

Ross, R. S. (2016). China, the United States, and the Soviet Union: Tripolarity and Policy Making in the Cold War: Tripolarity and Policy Making in the Cold War. Routledge.

The said book is the outcome of joint working between the Chinese and the Western scholars, and the aim was to study the Chinese-U.S-Soviet Union interactions during the world war. Conference was held at Beijing having six American and six Chinese scholars who presented early draft while for and three Chinese and American senior scholars respectively discussed and advised on the presented draft.

Participants included the author and Professor Ding Xinghao, Professor Ni Xiaoquan, Professor Wang Jisi, Professor Xing Shugang, Professor Yang Jiarong, Professor Zhang Yeba, Dr. Harry Harding Professor Li Shenzhi Professor Shen Jinfu Professor Allen S. Whiting Professor Xu Kui Professor Donald Zagoria and Professor Zi Zhongyun

Ross and S, Robert explained that relations between the U.S, China, and the Soviet Union during the cold war were based on independence for all. Safety of each country was extensively dependent on the nature of affairs between the other two countries. Their matters were known as tripolarity and strategic triangle. China was of the view that its cooperation with the U.S would benefit its bargaining position with the Soviets

Zofka, J., Vámos, P., & Urbansky, S. (2018). Beyond the Kremlin’s reach? Eastern Europe and China in the Cold War era.

This Journal gives detailed information about the relations of China with Eastern states during the cold war era. The author used the following source in explaining his argument in this journal article

Liu Xiaoyuan’s review of Yafeng Xia, ‘The Study of Cold War International History in China: A Review of the Last Twenty Years,’ Journal of Cold War Studies 10.1 (Winter 2008): 81–115.

This article studies relations between China and socialists in Eastern European states during the cold war. China due to its huge size played a vital role and was categorized as an important third force whose foreign policy revolved around changing partners in its national interest. One of the main drivers of its foreign policy was the attainment of communism

Li, X. (2017). The Cold War in East Asia. Routledge.

This book illustrates details of the survey of Asia while the cold war was on ( 1954 to 1991). It also helps the readers to easily understand the evolution of modern post-cold world war Asia. This book has used new socialist sources and is different in terms of conventional Euro-American centric approach

The book “The cold war in East Asia” describes that Chines Communist Party in its coalition with Soviet Union started to follow the Russian model and its long struggle in the past had given it all the experience and confidence to do so. Mao Zedong had a clear policy that China would be the Soviet Union’s side and their inclination would be towards communist camps.

Segal, G. (2018). The China factor: Peking and the superpowers. Routledge.

In this book, the writer expresses the importance and emergence of China in the context of superpower balance in the world. The author used many sources out of which few are mentioned below

Addy, Premen, South Asia in China’s foreign policy: a view from the left, Journal of Contemporary Asia 2, no. 4, 1972, pp. 403-414

Adie, W.A.C., China, Russia and the Third World, China Quarterly, July-September 1962, pp. 200213

Segal recognizes the rise of China as a third power during the cold war regime and its importance in the world was increasing day by day. China believed in a policy of negotiation and for that matter, in 1949, China acted as a mediator and facilitated secret negotiations between the U.S and the Soviet Union. Although these negotiations didn’t end up successful due to various internal political and cold war reasons

Primary sources:

[Interview] Chinese foreign affairs expert says US-China relations are at an all-time low

Posted on : Jan.5,2019 12:51 KST Modified on : Jan.5,2019

http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/877117.html

Professor Su Hao is considered an expert on Chinese foreign affairs and faculty member of Chins Foreign affairs university, expresses his views on US-Chins relationship during the cold war era.

Professor Su Hao says that during the cold war the less advanced and less strengthened China developed a relationship with the United States in such a way that it received help from the superpower to develop and expand its economy. China, during this course of time also helped the U.S to control the Soviet Union. So it was a two-way relationship that was benefitting both the countries.

INTERVIEW | John Garver on the History of China’s Foreign Relations

https://www.ncuscr.org/content/interview-john-garver-history-china%E2%80%99s-foreign-relations

This interview is useful to the topic as Dr.John who is also an author of China Quest; The History of the Foreign Relations of the People’s Republic of China shares his motives for writing this book. He gives details on what were the prime objectives for Chins during the cold war and how did it mold its foreign policy to adjust.

Dr. John Grave, a leading scholar of Chinese foreign policy says that during the early days of the cold war, China had in its conscious to develop such a foreign policy that could effectively counter western liberalism. He further discusses that de-Stalinization in the USSR had created threats to the Chinese communist ideology and consequently its foreign policy drift was consequently a result of domestic pressures.

China's foreign policy, 1949-1979

https://www.grin.com/document/191649

This document is useful as in this material, the author describes the foreign relations of China during the cold war period. It provides in-depth details about what kind of priorities China had and what challenges it had to face which motivated it to design its foreign policy.

After the end of the civil war in China, its foreign policy focused on building relations with the Soviet Union only. China had suspended its relations with other Western countries during that period. With the passage of time, China started building a relationship with the USA to get its help in building and strengthening its economy.

Interview: Lee Kuan Yew on the Future of U.S.- China Relations

https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/03/interview-lee-kuan-yew-on-the-future-of-us-china-relations/273657/

This interview is useful to the topic as former Singapore prime minister and great Asian spokesman expresses his views on US-Chinese relations and its implications on the world. He focuses on scenarios from the cold war to recent issues between the two countries.

During the cold war, China and the U.S had common goals and ambitions and both had good working relationships with each other as both of them provided room in their respective foreign policies. After the USSR breakdown, common threats of both countries are no more same however there is only competition that exists between the two global leaders.

The Sino-Soviet Split and the Left as Global History: An Interview with Jeremy Friedman

https://toynbeeprize.org/interviews/jeremy-friedman/

This interview is useful to the topic as in this interview, Jerry Friedman expresses his views on the inclusion of China in the cold war and what was its strategy to handle the happenings along with safeguarding its own interests.

Jerry Friedman explains that during 1965, China came back on the global scenario with a strong preparation to deal with the Soviet agenda of “Third world”. At this stage, China had advancements in its relations with the U.S which had given it encouragement to attack the Soviet Union’s allies in the world ( MPLA of Angola and Vietnam, etc)

Review Article: Chinese Perspectives on Economic Diplomacy

http://www.theasanforum.org/chinese-perspectives-on-economic-diplomacy/

This document is useful as it provides the insights in detail about different stages of Chinese diplomacy and focus during and post cold war

Four main stages have been described in Chinese diplomacy here. During the 1970s and 1980s, it was a period of China’s engagement and building international links. Next phase was entering into combination phase (1990s). Then comes a period of Chinese participatory economic policy whereby it actively contributed to its economic revival and growth with international trade. And since 2010, China after emerging as 2nd largest economy started working on its supremacy in local as well as the world’s economy.

The Cold War and Chinese Foreign Policy YAFENG XIA, JUL 16 2008, 31308 VIEWS

https://www.e-ir.info/2008/07/16/the-cold-war-and-china/

This document is useful as it provides details on changing Chinese foreign policy and its directions during the cold war. It also describes what were the factors that motivated China to change its allies and its foreign policy during the cold war.

This article describes different aspects of Chinese foreign policy. Initially, during the cold war, China had an inclination towards the Soviet Union. Later due to some incidents, the Sino-Soviet alliance ended and China started working on self-reliance policy. During this time Chinese focus was towards building relations with the third world countries. Then comes the stage where China started building good relations with the U.S as well as Russia.

AN INTERVIEW WITH ZHENG WANG

https://cup.columbia.edu/author-interviews/wang-never-forget-national-humiliation

This interview is useful as it describes the views of a book writer who expresses them during the interview that which were the driving forces that determined the formulation of foreign policy during the cold war.

Zheng Wang explains here that instead of measuring Chinese strengths, it should rather be its intensions that should be examined. In his book “Never forget national humiliation”, he tries to explain the driving forces that determined Chines foreign policy during the cold war and thereafter. The national identity and national interest played a vital role in formulating Chinese foreign policy since the start.