200 statistics

HS 2000 Fall 2017 Class Survey Table 1. HS2000 student demographic characteristics n %percent Sample size 350 Sex Females Males

244 106

69.7% 30.3%

Majors Biomedical, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Sciences

3 0.9%

Wellness and Health Promotion 11 3.1 % Health Sciences Majors • Exercise Science • Integrative & Holistic Medicine • Nutrition concentration • Pre-health Professional • Pre-PT • Undecided

26 18 29 81 84 27

7.4% 5.1% 8.3% 23.1% 24.0% 7.7%

Other/Undecided (not Health Sciences) 71 20.3% Living situation • Off-campus (not with parents/guardians) • Off-campus with parents/guardians. • On-campus (dorms/residence halls,

campus apartments, fraternity/sorority house).

49 198 103

14.0% 56.6% 29.4%

Table 2. HS2000 student characteristics of age, credits, and GPA n Mean ± st.dev Range Age (years) 350 20.2 ± 4.3 17-64 Credits taken Fall 2017 350 15.0 ± 2.8 4-28 GPA 350 3.4 ± 0.5 1.0-4.8

Table 3a. HS2000 student sleep behaviors and caffeine intake Sleep Measures

n Mean ± st.dev Range Hours of Sleep1 350 6.8 ± 1.32 3-14 Sleep Quality Score2 324 6.1 ± 2.6 0-17

Caffeine Intake Caffeine Survey Score3

350 5.94 ± 4.5 0-26

Table 3b. Frequency and type of caffeine intake among HS2000 students Caffeinate Intake and Sources4 (n=350)

Never n(%) Low intake n(%) Moderate Intake n(%)

High Intake n(%)

Coffee 131 (37.4%) 126 (36%) 74 (21%) 19 (5.4%) Espresso/ Cappuccino

210 (60%) 127 (36.3%) 11 (3.1%) 2 (0.6%)

Tea (black or green)

180 (51.4%) 147 (42.0%) 21 (6.0%) 2 (0.6%)

Carbonated Beverages (Soda/pop)

138 (39.4%) 170 (48.6%) 33 (9.4%) 9 (2.6%)

Energy Drinks 267 (76.3%) 78 (22.3%) 4 (1.1%) 1 (0.3%) Supplements or Medications

279 (79.7%) 59 (16.9%) 11 (3.1%) 1 (0.3%)

1 Based on students’ self-reported hours of sleep 2 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: 6 subcomponent scores were calculated from the questions. Ranges of the subcomponents were 0-3. All subcomponents were added to create a final Sleep Quality Score. Scores could range from 0-18. Higher scores indicate lower quality of sleep 3 Caffeine Survey Score: All answers to questions in Lynch’s Caffeine Survey were given a numerical value 0-8 (0=Never, 8=5 or more servings per day). Scores for each question were added for a total Score. Ranges could be from 0 to 48. Higher scores indicate higher caffeine intake. 4 Answers for the Caffeine Survey were combined to create 4 categories as follows • Never: Reported “Never” consuming those beverages • Low Intake: Reported consuming a beverage/supplement less than once per week, 2-3 per

week, or 4-6 per week. • Moderate Intake: Reported consuming a beverage/supplement once or twice daily. • High Intake: Reported consuming a beverage/supplement 3-5 or more times per day.

Table 4. Correlations between hours of sleep, sleep quality scores, and caffeine survey scores Hours of Sleep Sleep Quality Scores Caffeine Score r-value p-value r-value p-value r-value p-value Hours of Sleep 1 -0.549 0.01 -0.210 0.01 Sleep Quality Scores -0.549 0.01 1 0.301 .01 Caffeine Survey Scores -0.210 0.01 0.301 .001 1 Table 5. Comparisons of sleep and caffeine intake between male and female HS2000 students Males Females n Mean ± st.dev n Mean ± st.dev p-value Hours of Sleep 106 7.0 ± 1.5 244 6.8 ±1.2 0.201 Sleep Quality Scores

99 5.7 ± 2.5 225 6.2 ±2.6 0.089

Caffeine Survey Scores

106 5.9 ± 4.9 244 5.9 ± 4.2 0.999

Table 6. Comparisons of sleep and caffeine intake among students who live on-campus and off-campus On-campus Off-campus n Mean ± st.dev n Mean ± st.dev p-value Hours of Sleep 103 7.1 ± 1.2 247 6.7 ±1.3 0.016 Sleep Quality Scores

96 6.0 ± 2.6 228 6.1 ±2.6 0.663

Caffeine Survey Scores

103 5.3 ± 4.9 247 6.1 ± 4.7 0.135

Figure 1. Relationship between hours of sleep and caffeine intake

Figure 2. Relationship between sleep quality and caffeine intake

r-value= -0.210 p-value= <0.01

r-value= 0.301 p-value= <0.01