Economic Development

TYPE

information

reference examples

(all references are fictional except APA, 1994)

An article in a Journal (Aaron, 2001, p. 402, #13 & 14; APA, 2001, p. 227, 4.11 and pp. 239-241, #1-4).

Author(s), year. Title of the article, capitalize the first word of the title, first word of the subtitle if there is one and proper names, do not italicize the article title. Italicize the Title of the Journal in Uppercase and Lowercase Letters, volume and the comma following volume (Add issue # in parentheses only if each journal begins with page 1), list page numbers of the article-do not use p. or pp. before the page numbers.

Hall, A. (1997). Change within an organization. Journal of Organizational Design, 12, 237-242.

If every issue begins with page 1, add issue #:

Hall, A. (1997). Change within an organization. Journal of Organizational Design, 12(2), 237-242.

An article in a Magazine (Aaron, 2001, p. 403, #16; APA, 2001, p. 227, 4.11 and pp. 241-242, #6).

Same as above except give the full date of the issue. In parentheses after the year, give the month for monthly publications or the month and day for weekly publications. List the volume number after the magazine title, followed by a comma. Do not use p. or pp. before page numbers. Include all page numbers even if they do not follow consecutively.

Moore, B. (1997, April). Change in the work setting. Workplace Issues, 222, 87- 95.

Jones, B. (1998, May 16). Problems at work. Business Weekly, 24, 62-65, 74.

Newspaper article (Aaron, 2001, p. 403 #17; APA, 2001, p. 225 & pp. 242-243, # 9-11)

Author (full Date). If no author, list the title and then the (Date). Capitalize the title of the article as you would for a journal or magazine. Italicize the Title of the Newspaper, list the page numbers using p. or pp. before them. If the article is more than one page but the page numbers are not continuous, list each page separated by a comma.

Cleever, B. (1998, June 30). Power structures in an organization. The Coastal News, pp. A2, A5, A8.

If no author:

Power sources in an organization. (1999, July 22). The Columbia News, p. C8.

Book (Aaron, 2001, p. 399 #1; APA, 2001, pp. 248-249, #23)

Edited Book (Aaron, 2001, p. 400 #4; APA, 2001 p. 249 # 25)

Book with group author and Publisher (Aaron, 2001, p. 400 #6; APA, 2001, pp. 248-249, # 24)

Book with no author or editor listed (Aaron, 2001, p. 401 #7; APA, 2001, p. 249, # 26)

Author(s), Editor(s), Group Author, or title if no author. (Date of publication). Title of the book. Italicize the title of the book, capitalize only the first word and the first word of the subtitle and proper nouns, end with a period.

If there is an edition, delete the period after title and enclose it in parentheses after the title and then place the period. If it is the first edition, omit the information. List the city and state where published, unless it is a major city (APA, 2001, p. 217). Follow with a colon: space once, and enter the publisher, listing major words. Leave Inc., Co., or other words off (APA, 2001, pp. 230-231, 4.14).

When the author is the same as the publisher, list the word Author in place of the publisher (APA, 2001, pp. 248-249, # 24).

Smith, E., & Jones, D. (1996). Organizational management: Work design. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Smith, E., & Jones, D. (Eds.). (1996). Organizational management: Work design. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Smith’s collegiate dictionary (2nd ed.). (1995). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Chapter in an edited book (Aaron, 2001, p. 402 #12; APA, 2001, pp. 226-230 & pp. 252-253).

List the author of the chapter and give the date of publication of the edited book in which the chapter appears. Follow with the title of the chapter capitalizing as you would for books or articles in journals; end the title with a period. After the period, capitalize and type the word “In” and then list the editor(s) name(s) as they would normally appear (initials of first and middle names and then the last name), followed by the abbreviation “Ed.” or “Eds.” in parentheses. Then place a comma after the parentheses. List the title of the edited book and italicize as for all books (as above). Give the page numbers of the chapter with pp. before them in parentheses after the title of the book ending with a period. List the publication information.

Doe, S. (1996). Issues in management. In A. Smith & D. Jones (Eds.), Organizational behavior (pp. 234-267). Washington, DC: Lippincott.

Brochure, corporate author (APA, 2001, p. 251, #33)

Reference the same as entire books. Identify the publication as a brochure in brackets [ ] before the publication information.

International Business Institute. (1995). Resolving employee issues in organizations. [Brochure]. Philadelphia: Author.

Sources on the Internet (Aaron, 2001, pp. 404-407; APA, 2001, pp. 268-281)

Internet articles based on a print source (Aaron, 2001, p. 404 #20; APA, 2001, p. 272, # 72 and 73). If you have viewed the article only it its electronic form, add [Electronic version] in brackets after the article title. If no page numbers are indicated, you will need to add the date you retrieved the document and the URL

Document or report on the Internet (Aaron, 2001, p. 405 #26; APA, 2001, pp. 174-175, # 77 & 81).

Document on the Internet, no author

Document on the Internet, no author identified, no date specified (APA, 2001, p. 274, # 77).

Document available on university program or dept. Web site (Aaron, 406 #27, APA, p. 274 #79)

Information is listed in a format that is very similar to printed reference material. Author (s). (Date). If there is no date listed, type (n. d.) in parentheses for “no date.” Enter the Title of the article, capitalize first word and first word of subtitle, and proper nouns. Italicize the name of the periodical, volume, list the page numbers without p. or pp. followed by a period. Web information is placed in a retrieval statement at the end of the reference (p. 231, 4.15). The retrieval statement provides the date the information was retrieved along with the name and/or address of the source. At a minimum, the reference of an Internet source should provide a document title, a date, and an address (URL). Whenever possible, identify the authors of a document as well (p. 269). If no author, start with the title. Italicize the title. Provide the exact address and make sure it works. Do not add a period at the end of URL, as it may get confused with the address. You should be discriminating about what you use from the Internet if you are going to use the source to support information in your paper. Some instructors may not accept information if the date cannot be verified.

For databases, give a retrieval statement and the source, followed by the specific database used (p. 278). Cite page numbers if they are available or the appropriate paragraph for in text citations. If no page numbers are visible, this may be omitted from the in text citation.

Internet article based on a print source:

Jones, A. (1997). Organizational dynamics [Electronic version]. Business Issues, 13, 32-37. Retrieved March 3, 1999 from: http://www.org/join/htm

Document or report on the Internet:

Smith, B. (1997). Understanding the work environment. Retrieved May 6, 1999 from: http://www.workforce.com/environ.html

Document on Internet, no author:

Understanding the work environment. (1997). Retrieved May 6, 1999 from: http://www.workforce.com/environ.html

Document on the Internet, no author or date:

Understanding the work environment. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 1999 from: http://www.workforce.com/environ.html

Document available on university program or department Web site:

Jones, A., & Doe, J. (1999). Decisions by managers in large corporations. Retrieved October 10, 2000 from Anytown University, Business and Management Web site: http://www. au.edu/article/decisions.html

Document on a database:

Smith, A. (1998). Business in the world. Business, 27, 342-345. Retrieved May 6, 1999 from EBSCO database.

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ELEMENTS OF THE PAPER

The paper is a standard size (8 ½ X 11) and weight (20-24 lb). The paper is white, clean, and the print is dark enough to read easily.

All elements in the paper are double-spaced.

The font is the correct size and type. All of the type is the same font style and size.

The bold function has not been used.

All pages are numbered (except figures) including the title page, reference page, and appendix.

All pages (except figures) have page headers that consist of the first two or three words of the title.

The running head (if assigned) appears only on the title page and is in capital letters.

The title page lists all the required elements, is numbered, has a page header; contains no single spacing or different font sizes or styles.

Abbreviations are listed in full the first time they are used in text, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. Example: American Psychological Association (APA). The abbreviation is used for all subsequent citations in the paper.

The entire title of the paper appears on page 2 (the first page of text) and is centered in uppercase and lowercase letters.

There is an introduction describing the topic, purpose, and major points of the paper. It is not labeled. It begins or concludes with a sentence describing the importance of the topic.

The body is organized by headings and includes all the information described in the introduction.

Each major topic is labeled with a heading. The headings are the appropriate level and style.

All paragraphs have more than one sentence, contain only one topic, and are not longer than one page.

Sentences are complete, grammatically correct, logical, concise, and free of flowery adjectives, clichés, slang, jargon, and bias.

Seriation or items in a series, follows acceptable format. (APA, 2001, pp. 115-117).

Numbers less than ten are written out; ten and above are written in numerical form. NOTE: This is a very general rule. The rules for the correct way to express numbers are lengthy and complex (Aaron, 2001, pp. 276-278; APA, 2001, pp. 122-127).

There is a conclusion summarizing the major points made in the paper. It is not labeled and it leaves the reader with a final thought.

The paper has obviously been proofread, edited, and corrected for spelling errors.

ALL elements required in the assignment have been addressed and are easily located (preferably with a heading for each).

Major topics, assertions, original thoughts, and statistics have all been properly supported with cited references.

All citations follow acceptable format. Paraphrased information cites author/year; direct quotes are in quotation marks and cites author/ year/ page number; quotes of greater than 40 words are indented five spaces, double-spaced, and end with citation information without period.

The reference page is titled References, with the title centered. References are alphabetized and double-spaced, and include only the references cited in the body of the paper.

The number of references matches the complexity of the assignment. References are current, from scholarly sources, and follow acceptable format.

The paper (minus title page, reference page, and appendix) is the length specified for the assignment.

The paper is stapled in the upper left corner for submission (no binder).