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2/11/2019 How S.F.'s Airbnb listings skirt law, affect housing, yet win fans - SFChronicle.com
https://www.sfchronicle.com/realestate/article/How-S-F-s-Airbnb-listings-skirt-law-affect-5553235.php?cmpid=gsa-sfgate-result 1/6
B I Z & T E C H B I Z & T E C H B I Z & T E C H // // // R E A L E S TAT ER E A L E S TAT ER E A L E S TAT E
How S.F.'s Airbnb listings skirt law, affectHow S.F.'s Airbnb listings skirt law, affectHow S.F.'s Airbnb listings skirt law, affect housing, yet win fanshousing, yet win fanshousing, yet win fans How some , impromptu listings skirt the law, affect housing supply - yet find favorHow some , impromptu listings skirt the law, affect housing supply - yet find favorHow some , impromptu listings skirt the law, affect housing supply - yet find favor with travelers, hostswith travelers, hostswith travelers, hosts
Carolyn SaidCarolyn SaidCarolyn Said June , June , June , Updated: June , : p.m.Updated: June , : p.m.Updated: June , : p.m.
2/11/2019 How S.F.'s Airbnb listings skirt law, affect housing, yet win fans - SFChronicle.com
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Thousands of San Franciscans have transformed their homes into impromptuThousands of San Franciscans have transformed their homes into impromptuThousands of San Franciscans have transformed their homes into impromptu
inns using Airbnb, the website that lets people rent rooms or houses to travelers.inns using Airbnb, the website that lets people rent rooms or houses to travelers.inns using Airbnb, the website that lets people rent rooms or houses to travelers.
These short-term rentals haven't been an easy sell to landlords, housing activistsThese short-term rentals haven't been an easy sell to landlords, housing activistsThese short-term rentals haven't been an easy sell to landlords, housing activists
and others who say they flout the law, violate leases, remove scarce housingand others who say they flout the law, violate leases, remove scarce housingand others who say they flout the law, violate leases, remove scarce housing
stock, drive up rents and annoy neighbors. But the scale of Airbnb's impact onstock, drive up rents and annoy neighbors. But the scale of Airbnb's impact onstock, drive up rents and annoy neighbors. But the scale of Airbnb's impact on
San Francisco has been hard to measure - until now.San Francisco has been hard to measure - until now.San Francisco has been hard to measure - until now.
Although the company refuses to release numbers, a data analysisAlthough the company refuses to release numbers, a data analysisAlthough the company refuses to release numbers, a data analysis
commissioned by The Chronicle found almost 5,000 San Francisco homes,commissioned by The Chronicle found almost 5,000 San Francisco homes,commissioned by The Chronicle found almost 5,000 San Francisco homes,
apartments, and private or shared rooms for rent via Airbnb. Two-thirds wereapartments, and private or shared rooms for rent via Airbnb. Two-thirds wereapartments, and private or shared rooms for rent via Airbnb. Two-thirds were
entire houses or apartments, showing how far Airbnb has come from its couch-entire houses or apartments, showing how far Airbnb has come from its couch-entire houses or apartments, showing how far Airbnb has come from its couch-
surfer origins, and contradicting its portrayal as a service for people who rent outsurfer origins, and contradicting its portrayal as a service for people who rent outsurfer origins, and contradicting its portrayal as a service for people who rent out
a spare room and interact with guests.a spare room and interact with guests.a spare room and interact with guests.
And 160 entire homes or apartments seem to be rented full time, giving weight toAnd 160 entire homes or apartments seem to be rented full time, giving weight toAnd 160 entire homes or apartments seem to be rented full time, giving weight to
arguments that the service is allowing landlords to flout strict rental laws.arguments that the service is allowing landlords to flout strict rental laws.arguments that the service is allowing landlords to flout strict rental laws.
Connotate Inc., a Web data harvesting firm, compiled the data from Airbnb'sConnotate Inc., a Web data harvesting firm, compiled the data from Airbnb'sConnotate Inc., a Web data harvesting firm, compiled the data from Airbnb's
website on May 19.website on May 19.website on May 19.
"In a city that has chronic housing shortages, the number of Airbnb homes that"In a city that has chronic housing shortages, the number of Airbnb homes that"In a city that has chronic housing shortages, the number of Airbnb homes that
appear to not be available on the rental market is significant," said Laura Teller,appear to not be available on the rental market is significant," said Laura Teller,appear to not be available on the rental market is significant," said Laura Teller,
Connotate chief strategy officer.Connotate chief strategy officer.Connotate chief strategy officer.
Here is a breakdown of findings:Here is a breakdown of findings:Here is a breakdown of findings:
$, This Pacic Heights mansion is the priciest listing on Airbnb - a graceful chateau in one of the$, This Pacic Heights mansion is the priciest listing on Airbnb - a graceful chateau in one of the$, This Pacic Heights mansion is the priciest listing on Airbnb - a graceful chateau in one of the city's most opulent neighborhoods. Two-thirds of San Francisco listings are for entire houses orcity's most opulent neighborhoods. Two-thirds of San Francisco listings are for entire houses orcity's most opulent neighborhoods. Two-thirds of San Francisco listings are for entire houses or apartments.apartments.apartments.
Photo: Leah Millis, The ChroniclePhoto: Leah Millis, The ChroniclePhoto: Leah Millis, The Chronicle
2/11/2019 How S.F.'s Airbnb listings skirt law, affect housing, yet win fans - SFChronicle.com
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-- How many rentals? -- How many rentals? -- How many rentals? Airbnb had 4,798 properties listed in the city. Almost two-Airbnb had 4,798 properties listed in the city. Almost two-Airbnb had 4,798 properties listed in the city. Almost two-
thirds - 2,984 - were entire houses or apartments.thirds - 2,984 - were entire houses or apartments.thirds - 2,984 - were entire houses or apartments.
Of the remainder, 1,651 were private rooms and 163 were shared rooms. Dozens ofOf the remainder, 1,651 were private rooms and 163 were shared rooms. Dozens ofOf the remainder, 1,651 were private rooms and 163 were shared rooms. Dozens of
shared spaces were in communal "hacker hostels" that offer crash space and ashared spaces were in communal "hacker hostels" that offer crash space and ashared spaces were in communal "hacker hostels" that offer crash space and a
place to make tech-industry connections.place to make tech-industry connections.place to make tech-industry connections.
-- How often?-- How often?-- How often? Critics fear that some Airbnb hosts run full-time hotels, thus Critics fear that some Airbnb hosts run full-time hotels, thus Critics fear that some Airbnb hosts run full-time hotels, thus
reducing the city's housing supply and changing the character of residentialreducing the city's housing supply and changing the character of residentialreducing the city's housing supply and changing the character of residential
neighborhoods.neighborhoods.neighborhoods.
Connotate could not determine how often properties were rented out, nor if theyConnotate could not determine how often properties were rented out, nor if theyConnotate could not determine how often properties were rented out, nor if they
were available on the date it harvested the data. But, like a bread-crumb trail,were available on the date it harvested the data. But, like a bread-crumb trail,were available on the date it harvested the data. But, like a bread-crumb trail,
reviews left by visitors offer some insights on frequency of use. (Not all visitorsreviews left by visitors offer some insights on frequency of use. (Not all visitorsreviews left by visitors offer some insights on frequency of use. (Not all visitors
write reviews, so this underestimates usage.)write reviews, so this underestimates usage.)write reviews, so this underestimates usage.)
About two-thirds of listings had fewer than 10 reviews, fitting Airbnb's portrayalAbout two-thirds of listings had fewer than 10 reviews, fitting Airbnb's portrayalAbout two-thirds of listings had fewer than 10 reviews, fitting Airbnb's portrayal
of occasional use.of occasional use.of occasional use.
A quarter had 11 to 50 reviews. Most properties have been on the site for only aA quarter had 11 to 50 reviews. Most properties have been on the site for only aA quarter had 11 to 50 reviews. Most properties have been on the site for only a
couple of years, meaning that this group hosted up to twice a month.couple of years, meaning that this group hosted up to twice a month.couple of years, meaning that this group hosted up to twice a month.
However 6.4 percent - 307 listings - had more than 50 reviews, implying heavy orHowever 6.4 percent - 307 listings - had more than 50 reviews, implying heavy orHowever 6.4 percent - 307 listings - had more than 50 reviews, implying heavy or
constant visitor traffic.constant visitor traffic.constant visitor traffic.
These popular properties included 160 entire homes or apartments, 140 privateThese popular properties included 160 entire homes or apartments, 140 privateThese popular properties included 160 entire homes or apartments, 140 private
rooms and seven shared rooms.rooms and seven shared rooms.rooms and seven shared rooms.
-- -- -- Who hosts? Who hosts? Who hosts? The bulk of San Francisco's 3,785 hosts - 3,272, or 86.4 percent - hadThe bulk of San Francisco's 3,785 hosts - 3,272, or 86.4 percent - hadThe bulk of San Francisco's 3,785 hosts - 3,272, or 86.4 percent - had
a single listing, buttressing Airbnb's claim that most rent out their own places.a single listing, buttressing Airbnb's claim that most rent out their own places.a single listing, buttressing Airbnb's claim that most rent out their own places.
But the remaining 513 hosts control multiple properties.But the remaining 513 hosts control multiple properties.But the remaining 513 hosts control multiple properties.
2/11/2019 How S.F.'s Airbnb listings skirt law, affect housing, yet win fans - SFChronicle.com
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When broken down by properties, the presence of these multiple hosts is moreWhen broken down by properties, the presence of these multiple hosts is moreWhen broken down by properties, the presence of these multiple hosts is more
prominent.prominent.prominent.
A total of 1,526 properties - almost a third - are controlled by people with two orA total of 1,526 properties - almost a third - are controlled by people with two orA total of 1,526 properties - almost a third - are controlled by people with two or
more listings. The top 10 hosts collectively controlled 248 listings.more listings. The top 10 hosts collectively controlled 248 listings.more listings. The top 10 hosts collectively controlled 248 listings.
Some of these multiple-listers were property managers handling Airbnb rentalsSome of these multiple-listers were property managers handling Airbnb rentalsSome of these multiple-listers were property managers handling Airbnb rentals
on behalf of hosts who want to avoid the hassle; some were people offering twoon behalf of hosts who want to avoid the hassle; some were people offering twoon behalf of hosts who want to avoid the hassle; some were people offering two
different rooms in their homes.different rooms in their homes.different rooms in their homes.
In New York City, a Connotate study found evidence of large-scale illegal hotels.In New York City, a Connotate study found evidence of large-scale illegal hotels.In New York City, a Connotate study found evidence of large-scale illegal hotels.
The Chronicle didn't find that. However, some hosts with multiple listings couldThe Chronicle didn't find that. However, some hosts with multiple listings couldThe Chronicle didn't find that. However, some hosts with multiple listings could
be treating a handful of units as more-lucrative vacation rentals.be treating a handful of units as more-lucrative vacation rentals.be treating a handful of units as more-lucrative vacation rentals.
-- What does it cost?-- What does it cost?-- What does it cost? Citywide, entire homes or apartments averaged $226 a night, Citywide, entire homes or apartments averaged $226 a night, Citywide, entire homes or apartments averaged $226 a night,
private rooms $116 and shared rooms $80. Whole houses ranged from $337 aprivate rooms $116 and shared rooms $80. Whole houses ranged from $337 aprivate rooms $116 and shared rooms $80. Whole houses ranged from $337 a
night in Cow Hollow to $125 in Visitacion Valley.night in Cow Hollow to $125 in Visitacion Valley.night in Cow Hollow to $125 in Visitacion Valley.
The priciest listing: a Pacific Heights mansion for $6,000 a night.The priciest listing: a Pacific Heights mansion for $6,000 a night.The priciest listing: a Pacific Heights mansion for $6,000 a night.
The cheapest: a shared downtown living room for $18.The cheapest: a shared downtown living room for $18.The cheapest: a shared downtown living room for $18.
-- Where are the listings?-- Where are the listings?-- Where are the listings? Airbnb's footprint spreads throughout San Francisco, Airbnb's footprint spreads throughout San Francisco, Airbnb's footprint spreads throughout San Francisco,
ranging from the Great Highway to South Beach.ranging from the Great Highway to South Beach.ranging from the Great Highway to South Beach.
The Mission had 681 listings, the equivalent of two Marriott Union Squares.The Mission had 681 listings, the equivalent of two Marriott Union Squares.The Mission had 681 listings, the equivalent of two Marriott Union Squares.
Western Addition/NoPa, SoMa and the Castro were also popular locations.Western Addition/NoPa, SoMa and the Castro were also popular locations.Western Addition/NoPa, SoMa and the Castro were also popular locations.
By contrast, the city's 34,000 hotel rooms are heavily clustered; about 20,000 areBy contrast, the city's 34,000 hotel rooms are heavily clustered; about 20,000 areBy contrast, the city's 34,000 hotel rooms are heavily clustered; about 20,000 are
within a short walk of Moscone Center.within a short walk of Moscone Center.within a short walk of Moscone Center.
Airbnb, valued at $10 billion - more than Hyatt Hotels or Wyndham Worldwide -Airbnb, valued at $10 billion - more than Hyatt Hotels or Wyndham Worldwide -Airbnb, valued at $10 billion - more than Hyatt Hotels or Wyndham Worldwide -
says its business model, which helps regular people become "micro-says its business model, which helps regular people become "micro-says its business model, which helps regular people become "micro-
2/11/2019 How S.F.'s Airbnb listings skirt law, affect housing, yet win fans - SFChronicle.com
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entrepreneurs," should not be regulated in the same way as hotels.entrepreneurs," should not be regulated in the same way as hotels.entrepreneurs," should not be regulated in the same way as hotels.
The company has grown rapidly since its mid-2008 founding. Two years ago, itThe company has grown rapidly since its mid-2008 founding. Two years ago, itThe company has grown rapidly since its mid-2008 founding. Two years ago, it
had 1,800 San Francisco listings, a number that has almost tripled.had 1,800 San Francisco listings, a number that has almost tripled.had 1,800 San Francisco listings, a number that has almost tripled.
In fact, the number may have been higher just a few months ago. Many localIn fact, the number may have been higher just a few months ago. Many localIn fact, the number may have been higher just a few months ago. Many local
hosts reportedly have removed listings after news of evictions and codehosts reportedly have removed listings after news of evictions and codehosts reportedly have removed listings after news of evictions and code
violations.violations.violations.
San Francisco lawmakers now are tackling how to regulate Airbnb, VRBO,San Francisco lawmakers now are tackling how to regulate Airbnb, VRBO,San Francisco lawmakers now are tackling how to regulate Airbnb, VRBO,
FlipKey and similar services, which violate the city's ban on rentals of less thanFlipKey and similar services, which violate the city's ban on rentals of less thanFlipKey and similar services, which violate the city's ban on rentals of less than
30 days.30 days.30 days.
Supervisor David Chiu has introduced legislation to legalize the services whileSupervisor David Chiu has introduced legislation to legalize the services whileSupervisor David Chiu has introduced legislation to legalize the services while
creating a stricter framework for their operations, including paying the city's 14creating a stricter framework for their operations, including paying the city's 14creating a stricter framework for their operations, including paying the city's 14
percent hotel tax, something Airbnb says it will start this summer.percent hotel tax, something Airbnb says it will start this summer.percent hotel tax, something Airbnb says it will start this summer.
"From a policy perspective, the real issue is whether there are a lot of units that"From a policy perspective, the real issue is whether there are a lot of units that"From a policy perspective, the real issue is whether there are a lot of units that
have been removed from the housing market because of short-term rentals," saidhave been removed from the housing market because of short-term rentals," saidhave been removed from the housing market because of short-term rentals," said
Gabriel Metcalf, executive director of SPUR, an urban design think tank. "It looksGabriel Metcalf, executive director of SPUR, an urban design think tank. "It looksGabriel Metcalf, executive director of SPUR, an urban design think tank. "It looks
like that's not a big number yet, but that's what we need regulation to control solike that's not a big number yet, but that's what we need regulation to control solike that's not a big number yet, but that's what we need regulation to control so
it doesn't become big."it doesn't become big."it doesn't become big."
MethodologyMethodologyMethodology
Web data extraction firm Connotate Inc. of New Brunswick, N.J., createdWeb data extraction firm Connotate Inc. of New Brunswick, N.J., createdWeb data extraction firm Connotate Inc. of New Brunswick, N.J., created
automated scripts that harvested information on San Francisco listings from theautomated scripts that harvested information on San Francisco listings from theautomated scripts that harvested information on San Francisco listings from the
Airbnb website over the course of several hours on May 19. Data included hosts,Airbnb website over the course of several hours on May 19. Data included hosts,Airbnb website over the course of several hours on May 19. Data included hosts,
properties, neighborhoods, rates and ratings. Connotate then removedproperties, neighborhoods, rates and ratings. Connotate then removedproperties, neighborhoods, rates and ratings. Connotate then removed
duplicates and performed other quality-assurance measures. Connotate was notduplicates and performed other quality-assurance measures. Connotate was notduplicates and performed other quality-assurance measures. Connotate was not
able to determine which listings were available for rent that night. Some mayable to determine which listings were available for rent that night. Some mayable to determine which listings were available for rent that night. Some may
have been available; some may have been already rented via Airbnb and somehave been available; some may have been already rented via Airbnb and somehave been available; some may have been already rented via Airbnb and some
may have not been offered at that time.may have not been offered at that time.may have not been offered at that time.
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