Assignment 6

History of trade Food & wine pairing Labeling laws Let’s pull this altogether by highlighting one region in particular - the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)

M A R R I A G E O F F O O D + W I N E | H O S F 2 0 6 2

| Class 4a

1. Review last lesson 2. History of wine & trade relevant to what

we drink, and purchase, today 3. Analyze Food & Wine Pairing Progression 4. Understanding Labeling laws 5. Virtual tasting activity

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TODAY'S OBJECTVES

Discussion Outline

Let’s focus on Europe and the Iberian Peninsula in particular, (Spain and Portugal), to find out. Keeping in mind our last lessons on Terroir, Viticulture and Vinification.

Does history reveal why we make our wine and food choices?

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HISTORICAL MAP OF WINE DIFFUSION ROUTES

This map illustrates how grape growing and winemaking knowledge transferred itself beyond the local community.

Before the Greeks, then the Greeks, the Romans, and after the Romans

Back in time…

Photo credit: arrowheadwine.blogspot.com

Wine history snapshot:

Growth of wine popularity and the wine trade closely resembles

growth of civilization of the western world.

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The oldest winery discovered by archeologists in Armenia.

4100BC

Rome conquers Greece and builds an empire. Planting vines in France, Italy, Germany, Spain & Portugal.

146BC

Wine was consumed in Northern Israel over 3,700 years ago.

3700BC

Spanish missionaries travel across the Americas, bringing vines to Chile, Argentina.

1554AD

Phoenicians begin to trade across the Mediterranean. Wine is transported in amphora vessels.

1200 – 539BC

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4 5 6

Samuel de Champlain comes to Quebec and establishes a permanent colony. Jesuits follow and try unsuccessfully to plant European vines. They switch to local vines instead.

1608AD

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The oldest winery discovered by archeologists in Armenia.

4100BC China opens its economy and imports French wines also establishing wineries in partnership with global wineries. Becomes one of the largest consumers of wine in the world.

1980- present

James Busby appointed First Resident of New Zealand and comes from Australia with vine cuttings. He is considered the father of NZ wine industry.

1832AD

California gold rush brings gold, and vines. Zinfandel vines are planted becoming a signature grape for California; zinfandel originated from Croatia.

1848 – 1855AD

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10 11 12

Dutch East India Company colonizes South Africa. Sailors want wine for their long journey, so vines are planted.

1659AD

First fleet depart UK for Australia and stop off in South Africa and pick up vines to plant in Australia.

1788AD

Ao Yun Winery in China

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BEYOND THE BASICS:

CONSIDERATIONS FOR

FOOD and WINE PAIRING

From El Celler de Can Roca.

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Raw foods, those foods that haven’t been browned, pair best with young fresh unoaked wines

FOOD & WINE PAIRING

Things to consider:

Browned foods eg. roasted, grilled, sautéed, work better with oakier wines

Sugar in food will increase wine’s perceived acidity.

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Salt in food reduces the perception of acidity in the wine

Makes it less acidic

Acidic foods will make wine seem far less acidic, eg tomatoes, vinegar, citrus flavours.

Foods with roasted, smoked cooked flavours will make the wine seem less oaky, eg smoked almonds.

Makes it less oaky

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Chianti Classico, Italy, or other young Tuscan wines less than 3 years old

On its own you should find it:

Very dry

High acidity/very tart

Medium fruit

Low oak flavour

Medium body

Medium tannins

On its own you should find it:

Dry

High acidity/tart

Medium fruit intensity

High oak flavour

Medium body

Medium tannins

Rioja Reserva, Spain

IBERIAN PENNINSULA

Can you name these popular dishes from Portugal and

Spain?

What wines do you think would pair with these foods?

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RIOJA, SPAIN:

A little bit of history mixed in with terroir and

winemaking tradition

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Image: Campo Viejo, Rioja, Spain

How easy is it to read a label?

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All wine producing countries have standards for their best grape growing regions.

However these standards and regulations vary considerably.

This can make reading a wine label confusing as not all things are equal.

European regions/countries can have very rigorous guidelines, think Bordeaux, Burgundy,

Germany, while countries like Australia and New Zealand less so.

USA is governed federally as well as state laws based on Appellation and American Viticulture

Area (AVA). Canada has Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA).

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WINE LABELS are supposed to help the consumer. And they do. History and traditions collide with present day standards and regulations.

Wine labels came about when bottles became more prevalent, transportation and trade evolved; the labels were an indication of origin and quality of the wine. They would sometimes contain a family’s coat of arms.

Much of this is the same today but with more standards and regulations to ensure quality for the consumer, what’s on the label is what’s in the bottle.

However, if a wine has no PDO, PGI, or VQA labeling all is not lost. There are many good quality wines made by winemakers who choose to push the boundaries and not be confined by regulations.

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Each EU country has its own quality category which correspond to PDO:

France: AOC (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée)

Italy: DOC (Denominazione di Origine Controllata) and DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita)

Spain: DO (Denominación de Origen) and DOCa (Denominación de Origen Calificada)

Portugal: IPR (Indicação de Proveniência Regulamentada) and DOC (Denominacão de Origem Controlada)

Germany: QbA (Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete) and 'Prädikatswein' (formerly known as 'QmP' or Qualitätswein mit Prädikat)

Each EU country has its own quality categories which correspond to PGI. The most significant are:

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PDO more rigorous and based on specific areas. Grapes and winemaking must be in the defined area. There are rules on grape varieties, yields, wine making techniques.

PGI less restrictive, grapes come from traditional geographic regions, could be a region or even a country.

France: VDP (Vin de Pays)

Italy: IGT (Indicazione Geografiica Tipica)

Spain: VT (Vino de la Tierra)

Portugal: VR (Vinho Regional)

Germany: Landwein

These are mandatory aging laws in order put these terms on a label in Spain. Similar rules apply in Italy but nowhere else. A winery in Ontario can put Reserve on a label but it’s not regulated.

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Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA) Canada has two VQA designated regions, Ontario and British Columbia. Guidelines give quality assurance to the consumer; participation by a winery is voluntary. The logo applies to a specific wine not the whole winery.

Ontario has three defined wine regions: Niagara, Lake Erie North Shore, Prince Edward County. Emerging regions are coming up in other parts of the province

Within these appellations there are many sub-appellations. 18

Where to find value when it comes to wine purchasing

Pearl Morissette in Niagara region makes sublime wines but not all are VQA designated.

You can find excellent value with a little bit of research.

The French Vin de Pays (the PGI category) or those winemakers who choose not to adhere to the regulations of their region.

However sometimes they have no choice.

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Thoughts? Think how you make your food and wine choices.

Always a great discussion, recognizing there are very old traditions in both the wine and food world. Perhaps only time will tell.

So, does history reveal why we make our wine and food choices?

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Pre-virtual tasting notes

Highlighting Spain and Portugal

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Look where the mountains and oceans are located.

Think about terroir.

Topographical map of

Spanish Wine regions

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CASAL GARCIA VINHO VERDE, DO, PORTUGAL LCBO #539261

The best selling vinho verde in the world. Pale in colour with a slight effervescence.

Delicate floral notes with lime/lemon, melon and peach aromas and flavours. Palate

is dry, crisp and fresh, clean finish. Low in alcohol serve as an aperitif or with fish and

seafood and fresh salads. 9.5% ABV 11g/L $9.95

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VINCENTE FARIA ANIMUS DOURO, PORTUGAL LCBO #535641 Great value, classic Portuguese red made from indigenous varieties grown in Douro

Valley. Dark ruby garnet colour, complex aromas and black fruit, strawberry, plum

and vanilla with notes of spice and leather. Dry, full and rich with ripe tannins and a

long finish. 13%ABV 8g/L $11.95

CAMPO VIEJO RESERVA RIOJA, SPAIN LCBO #137810 Deep garnet colour, black cherry and hint of vanilla; ripe fruit flavours with a touch of

oak and a lush finish. Reserva = 1 year in barrel, 2 years in bottle.

14% ABV 3g/L $18.50

TRADE MADE FOR WIDER DISTRIBUTION OF WINE KNOWLEDGE

FOOD AND WINE PAIRING: THINK OF COOKING TECHNIQUES AS WELL AS MAJOR FLAVOURS OF THE DISH AND THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE WINE.

READING A WINE LABEL CAN REVEAL USEFUL INFORMATION ABOUT THE WINE TO THE CONSUMER. 26

RECAP:

REVIEW SLIDES FOR UPCOMING CLASS WHERE WE FOCUS ON ITALY

ANY QUESTIONS FOR YOUR PAIRING ASSIGNMENT?

REMINDER: QUIZ #2 WILL BE AFTER CLASS 4B 26

FOR NEXT CLASS:

PAIRING INSPIRATION:

“Food and wine. Decide which is the soloist, which the

accompanist.”

Michael Broadbent, MW

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