textbook questions

After reading Chapter 5 of Epidemiology for Public Health Practice, complete Study Questions and Exercises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8. This activity is located on pages 274–276. Submit your responses in the form of a Word document. 

1. Define the following terms:

· a.crude death rate

· b.age-specific rate

· c.cause-specific rate

· d.proportional mortality ratio (PMR)

· e.maternal mortality rate

· f.infant mortality rate

· g.neonatal mortality rate

· h.fetal death rate and late fetal death rate

· i.fetal death ratio

· j.perinatal mortality rate

· k.postneonatal mortality rate

· l.crude birth rate

· m.general fertility rate

· n.age-adjusted (standardized) rate

· o.direct method of adjustment

· p.indirect method of adjustment

· q.standardized mortality ratio (SMR)

·

2-Using  Table 3A–1 , calculate age-specific death rates for the category of malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung. What inferences can be made from the age-specific death rates for malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung?

Table 3A–1 Malignant Neoplasms of Trachea, Bronchus, and Lung Deaths by Age Group, United States, 2003

3A

Age (Years)	Population	Malignant Neoplasms of Trachea, Bronchus, and Lung *  Deaths
25–34	39,872,598	154
35–44	44,370,594	2,478
45–54	40,804,599	12,374
55–64	27,899,736	30,956
65–74	18,337,044	49,386

* Includes ICD-10, 1992 codes C33–C34.

Sources: Data are from Hoyert DL, Heron MP, Murphy SL, Kung H. Deaths: Final Data for 2003, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol 54, No 13, p. 30. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2006; and from Heron MP, Smith BL. Deaths: Leading Causes for 2003, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol 55, No 10, p. 92. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2007.

3-Using  Table 3A–2 , calculate the following for the United States: the age-specific death rates and age- and sex-specific death rates per 100,000 (for age groups 20–24, 25–34, and 35–44 years). Note that there are nine calculations and answers. For example, the age- and sex-specific death rate for females aged 15–19 years is [(3,889/9,959,789) × 100,000].

Table 3A–2 Mortality by Selected Age Groups, Males and Females, United States, 2003

Males	Females	Total
Age (Years)	Population	Number of Deaths	Population	Number of Deaths	Population	Number of Deaths
15–19	10,518,680	9,706	9,959,789	3,889	20,478,469	13,595
20–24	10,663,922	14,964	10,063,772	5,009	20,727,694	19,973
25–34	20,222,486	28,602	19,650,112	12,698	39,872,598	41,300
35–44	22,133,659	56,435	22,236,935	33,026	44,370,594	89,461
45–54	20,043,656	110,682	20,760,943	66,099	40,804,599	176,781

Sources: Data are from Heron MP, Smith BL. Deaths: Leading Causes for 2003, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol 55, No 10, p. 92. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2007; and from Hoyert DL, Heron MP, Murphy SL, Kung H. Deaths: Final Data for 2003, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol 54, No 13, p. 21. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2006.

4- Refer to both  Table 3A-2  and  Table 3A–3 . The total population in 2003 was 290,810,789 (males = 143,037,290; females = 147,773,499). For 2003, the total number of live births was 4,089,950.

Table 3A–3 Total Mortality from Selected Causes, Males and Females, United States, 2003

Cause of Death	Males	Females	Total
All Causes	1,201,964	1,246,324	2,448,288
Accidents	70,532	38,745	109,277
Malignant Neoplasms	287,990	268,912	556,902
Alzheimer’s Disease	18,335	45,122	63,457
Infant Deaths	15,902	12,123	28,025
Maternal Deaths	NA	495	495

Sources: Data are from Heron MP, Smith BL. Deaths: Leading Causes for 2003, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol 55, No 10, p. 7–8. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2007; and Hoyert DL, Heron MP, Murphy SL, Kung H. Deaths: Final Data for 2003, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol 54, No 13, p. 101–102. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2006.

A. a.Calculate the crude death rates (per 100,000) and the cause-specific death rates (per 100,000) for accidents, malignant neoplasms, and Alzheimer’s disease. Repeat these calculations for males and females separately.

B. b.What are the PMRs (percent) for accidents, malignant neoplasms, and Alzheimer’s disease? Repeat these calculations for males and females separately.

C. c.Calculate the maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births).

D. d.Calculate the infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births).

E. e.Calculate the crude birth rate (per 1,000 population).

F. f.Calculate the general fertility rate (per 1,000 women aged 15–44 years).

5-The population of Metroville was 3,187,463 on June 30, 2013. During the period January 1 through December 31, 2013, a total of 4,367 city residents were infected with HIV. During the same year, 768 new cases of HIV were reported. Calculate the prevalence per 100,000 population and incidence per 100,000 population.

The following data regarding alcohol drinking status among persons in the United States were reported for 2005 :

Number in thousands
	All persons 18 years of age and older	Current regular alcoholic beverage drinkers
Male	104,919	59,300
Female	112,855	44,373

· a.What is the sex ratio of male to female regular alcoholic beverage drinkers?

· b.What proportion (percent) of regular alcoholic beverage drinkers are women?

· c.What is the prevalence per 1,000 of regular alcoholic beverage drinking among men only, women only, and the total population aged 18 and older?