Micro biology

Name:_______________________

Microbes and Society

Chapter 15 – Microbes and Agriculture

15 pts.

Using the information from ch. 15 to answer the following questions. Put your answers in your own words. Do not copy and paste from any source! If you do copy and paste, you will not get credit for your answer.

1. Explain why nitrogen fixation is critical to life on this planet. (1 pt)

2. What enzyme is required for nitrogen fixation? (1 pts)

3. Explain the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and soybean plants. Also explain how the farmer benefits from this symbiotic relationship. (3 pts)

4. How are cattle able to thrive on a diet of grass even though they can’t digest the plant material? (1 pt)

5. Explain the role of bacterial fermentation in the production of cheese starting from milk. (2 pts)

6. What is the role of bacteria in the production of Bt corn? (1 pt)

7. What is Bt corn genetically modified to do? (1 pt)

8. You are the leader of a developing nation. Hunger is a problem among your citizens: the salty coastal wetlands of your country can't support the growth of needed crops, and your slow economy can't support importing enough food for everyone. A biotechnology company has genetically modified a rice plant that can thrive in salt water, providing your nation with the opportunity to feed its citizens while bolstering its economy.

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/science/gmfoods/

a. The first step in genetically modifying the rice to thrive in salt is to identify a gene that would allow the rice to grow in salt. Using what you know about bacterial growth requirements, what type of bacteria could possible serve as a “donor” for the gene or genes involved in salt tolerance and where could you find this organism? (1 pt)

b. Once the researchers identify the gene of interest, they decide to use a virus as the vehicle to deliver the gene to the plant cells. Why are viruses often used to get DNA inside of cells? *Review the ch. 6 notes on viral replication (2 pts)

9. Scientists are genetically modifying fruits and vegetables to for use as vaccines. What type of vaccines are these examples of – attenuated whole agent, heat killed or subunit? Justify your answer. (2 pts)

Bacteria are required to convert nitrogen from the atmosphere to a form usable by living things.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 20.5 pts

All living things need a source of nitrogen.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 30.5 pts

The trapping of nitrogen gas from the atmosphere and its incorporation in organic molecules is known as nitrogen ______________________.

 

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Question 40.5 pts

Nitrogen fixation is only done by symbiotic microbes.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 50.5 pts

Microbes that perform nitrogen fixation must (choose all that apply)

Group of answer choices

live in an area with no oxygen

live in the soil

produce nitrogenase

be Gram +

 

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Question 60.5 pts

Which of the following is an example of a legume?

Group of answer choices

all are legumes

cotton

corn

soybean

 

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Question 70.5 pts

After a farmer plants a field of legumes, the nitrogen level in the soil should

Group of answer choices

remain the same

the nitrogen level depends on the temperature, not the crop

decrease

increase

 

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Question 80.5 pts

Where are bacteroids found?

Group of answer choices

on the leaves of legumes

on the roots of legumes

in the soil

on the roots of all plants

 

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Question 90.5 pts

Typically, the same bacterial species perform nitrogen fixation and nitrification.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 100.5 pts

Nitrogen gas gets put back into the atmosphere by

Group of answer choices

nitrification

nitrogenase

nitrogen fixation

denitrification

 

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Question 110.5 pts

What gene alterations are plant biotechnologists interested in studying?

Group of answer choices

inserting the genes for nitrogen fixation into bacteria associated with plants like tobacco and tomatos

all choices are correct

genetically engineering farm animals to be able to perform nitrogen fixation

genetically engineering Rhizobium species to form symbiotic relationships with nonleguminous plants

 

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Question 120.5 pts

Which of the following is an example of a ruminant?

Group of answer choices

rabbit

pig

human

camel

 

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Question 130.5 pts

Without the action of microbes, ruminants would not be able to digest the plants that make up their diet.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 140.5 pts

What can the microbes in guts of ruminants do that allows them to break down the sugar in the cell walls of plants?

Group of answer choices

produce amylase

perform fermenation

produce cellulase

produce nitrogenase

 

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Question 150.5 pts

What produces the methane and carbon dioxide gases that are expelled from the cows?

Group of answer choices

microbes performing fermentation

cows performing fermentation

microbes producing cellulase

cows producing cellulase

 

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Question 160.5 pts

Cows chew cud. Cud is made up of  (choose all that apply)

Group of answer choices

microbes from the rumen

feces

silage

undigested plant material

 

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Question 170.5 pts

How do non-ruminant grass-eaters obtain their protein?

Group of answer choices

they don't make protein from the grass they eat

they have microbes in their appendix that produce cellulase

they make cellulase

cellulase producing microbes reside in the cecum

 

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Question 180.5 pts

What is the purpose of a farm silo?

Group of answer choices

store animal feed for the winter

keep animal feed cool for preservation

place for fermentation of plant material to occur

heat animal feed to kill the microbes

 

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Question 190.5 pts

Fermented plant products used as animal feed is called ______________.

 

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Question 200.5 pts

Why do silos have vents?

Group of answer choices

to provide a way for microbes from the air to get into the silo

so that the gases produced during fermentation can be released

to get rid of the smell

to provide oxygen for the microbes performing fermentation

 

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Question 210.5 pts

What product of bacterial ffermentation causes milk proteins to curdle?

Group of answer choices

alcohol

carbon dioxide

lactic acid

methane gas

 

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Question 220.5 pts

What microbial product gives butter is characteristic flavor?

Group of answer choices

lactic acid

none of these choices are correct

ethyl alcohol

diacetyl

 

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Question 230.5 pts

Both bacteria and fungi can be used in the curd ripening process, depending on the type of cheese being produced.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 240.5 pts

Which of the following types of cheese is an example of an unripened cheese?

Group of answer choices

Roquefort cheese

Stilton cheese

cheddar cheese

cottage cheese

 

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Question 250.5 pts

Which of the following statements is a requirement for a plant to be transgenic?

Group of answer choices

its DNA has been mutated

it has developed from single plant cell

it has been crossbred with another type of plant

it contains genes from another organism

 

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Question 260.5 pts

What type of organism provides the Ti plasmid used to deliver DNA to plant cells?

Group of answer choices

plant

virus

fungus

bacteria

 

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Question 270.5 pts

Which of the following are characteristics of an ideal microbial toxin?

Group of answer choices

inexpensive

highly selective

all choices are correct

fast acting

 

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Question 280.5 pts

What is Bt corn genetically engineered to do?

Group of answer choices

produce a plant toxin that kills certain insects

grow faster

produce a bacterial toxin that kills certain insects

be resistant to certain viral infections

 

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Question 290.5 pts

Soybean plants have been genetically modified to be resistant to the herbicide, Roundup.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 300.5 pts

Cows have been genetically modified to produce more bovine growth hormone (BGH).  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 310.5 pts

The FlavrSavr tomato was genetically modified to

Group of answer choices

slow ripening

be more red

produce more vitamins

grow in colder climates

 

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Question 320.5 pts

Which of the following are some of most genetically modified crops in the US? Choose all that apply?

Group of answer choices

soybeans

potatoes

tomatoes

corn

 

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Question 330.5 pts

"Veggie vaccines" are available in this country for protection against diseases such as Hepatitis B and malaria.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 340.5 pts

Which of the following fruit or vegetable is of considerable interest in vaccine development because of its taste, growth in tropical areas, and raw consumption?

Group of answer choices

papaya

potatoes

coconut

bananas

 

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Question 350.5 pts

The US and many other countries support the development and use of GM foods.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 360.5 pts

Why has the European Union (EU) banned all imports of GM food products?

Group of answer choices

all choices are correct

some are concerned with possible allergic reactions

some are concerned with loss of profits from pesticide and herbicine businesses

some are concerned about the possibility of genetic transfer in the environment producing "superweeds"