Micro biology 2

The viral pandemic 2009 involved which infectious disease?

Group of answer choices

Ebola

influenza H1N1 (swine flu)

plague

HIV

 

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Question 20.5 pts

It is not easy to catch chickenpox if you are unvaccinated.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 30.5 pts

What is the best way to prevent contracting chicken pox?

Group of answer choices

cooking food thoroughly

antibiotics

hand washing

vaccination

 

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Question 40.5 pts

Chickenpox can remain latent in the nervous system.  If it gets reactivated, the person will develop the disease, ____________________.  

 

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Question 50.5 pts

If a child who has had not chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine comes in contact with someone with shingles, what may happen?

Group of answer choices

the child is at risk for developing shingles

the child is at minimal risk because it isn't contagious

the child is at minimal risk because of their strong immune system

the child is at risk for contracting chickenpox

 

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Question 60.5 pts

There are no naturally occurring cases of smallpox due to eradication in 1980.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 70.5 pts

Smallpox exists in only two laboratories worldwide.  Where are they?

Group of answer choices

United States and Canada

United States and United Kingdom

United States and Germany

United States and Russia

 

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Question 80.5 pts

The intentional or threatened use of microorganisms or thier toxins to cause fear in or actually inflict death or disease upon a large population is called __________________.

 

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Question 90.5 pts

Which of the following infectious agents are possible bioweapons?

Group of answer choices

plague

all choices are correct

smallpox

anthrax

 

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Question 100.5 pts

Which of the following are "benefits" of using biological weapons?

Group of answer choices

they do not damage infrastructure

they are odorless, colorless and tasteless

they can cause contamination that lasts for years

all choices are correct

 

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Question 110.5 pts

New strains of influenza are primarily due to changes in

Group of answer choices

the host cells

the capsid protein

the H and N spikes

the envelope

 

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Question 120.5 pts

There is a cure for influenza.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 130.5 pts

Influenza H5N1 primarily infects

Group of answer choices

pigs

humans

dogs

birds

 

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Question 140.5 pts

The common cold can be caused by over 100 different viruses.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 150.5 pts

What sign is normally seen with the flu but is rare with the common cold?

Group of answer choices

cough

nausea

fever

fatigue

 

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Question 160.5 pts

What viral disease is known to have the highest mortality rate of any human disease once symptoms have fully materialized?

Group of answer choices

chickenpox

smallpox

rabies

influenza

 

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Question 170.5 pts

What is the most likely reason for why human cases of rabies are rare in this country?

Group of answer choices

everyone is vaccinated

domestic animals are vaccinated

wild animals in this country do not carry rabies

all of the choices are correct

 

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Question 180.5 pts

The leading causes of viral gastroenteritis are rotavirus and __________________.

 

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Question 190.5 pts

We now have a vaccine to prevent infection by rotavirus.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 200.5 pts

Which of the following are important measures in preventing viral gastroenteritis?  Choose all that are correct.  

Group of answer choices

hand washing

wearing a mask

having safe water and food

avoid contact with infected animals

 

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Question 210.5 pts

What does reverse transcriptase allow HIV to do?

Group of answer choices

infect all mammals

integrate its nucleic acid into the host cell's DNA

change its surface proteins

infect T cells

 

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Question 220.5 pts

What is the host cell for HIV?

Group of answer choices

B cells

human T helper cells

any mammalian cell

cells of the respiratory tract

 

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Question 230.5 pts

Someone can be infected with HIV and not know it.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 240.5 pts

Which of the following is not a means of contracting HIV?

Group of answer choices

mother to fetus across the placenta

unprotected sex

consuming contaminated food or water

needle stick

 

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Question 250.5 pts

What is the clinical diagnosis of AIDS?

Group of answer choices

the development of cancer

T cell counts below 200 per microliter

opportunistic infections

T cell counts above 200 per microliter

 

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Question 260.5 pts

We do not have an approved vaccine to prevent HIV infection.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 270.5 pts

The bacteria, Streptococcus pyogenes that enters the body via the respiratory tract primarily causes

Group of answer choices

pneumonia

necrotizing fasciitis

diarrhea

strep throat

 

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Question 280.5 pts

Untreated cases of strep throat can lead to a complication called ________________ fever.  

 

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Question 290.5 pts

In order for a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes to cause necrotizing fasciitis, it must

Group of answer choices

enter via the respiratory tract

cause strep throat first

produce a particular toxin that destroys tissue lining the muscles

all strains of this bacterium can cause necrotizing fasciitis

 

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Question 300.5 pts

Bacterial meningitis is best prevented through vaccination.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 310.5 pts

Symptoms of gastroenteritis due to an infection typically begin within a few hours of consuming the contaminated food.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 320.5 pts

Which of the following bacteria are responsible for causing the most foodborne intoxications?

Group of answer choices

rotavirus

Clostridium botulinum

Staphylococcus aureus

Salmonella

 

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Question 330.5 pts

What is the main difference between the harmless E. coli in the gut and the strains that cause serious food borne illness?

Group of answer choices

the harmful strains are resistant to antibiotics

the ability to adhere to cells of the GI tract

the ability to produce toxins

the harmful strains are only found in animals

 

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Question 340.5 pts

The reservoir for Clostridium tetani is

Group of answer choices

the human nervous system

the soil

the air

GI tract of mammals

 

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Question 350.5 pts

The best prevention for tetanus is

Group of answer choices

the antitoxin

proper food preparation

the toxoid vaccine

hand washing

 

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Question 360.5 pts

How do you contract Lyme disease?

Group of answer choices

tick bite

inhalation

mosquito bite

contaminated food

 

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Question 370.5 pts

How do you contract plague?

Group of answer choices

inhalation

tick bite

mosquito bite

flea bite

 

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Question 380.5 pts

Treponema pallidum causes the disease _____________________.

 

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Question 390.5 pts

Which of the following diseases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Group of answer choices

all choices are correct

skin abcess

toxic shock syndrome

impetigo

 

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Question 400.5 pts

Dental caries are caused by the products of bacterial fermentation.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 410.5 pts

Hospital acquired infections are rare in this country.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

The entry, establishment, and multiplication of a pathogen in the body is called __________________.

 

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Question 20.5 pts

Any change from general state of good health is called ______________________.

 

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Question 30.5 pts

If someone is infected with a pathogen, they will always show signs and symptoms of disease.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 40.5 pts

Which of the following areas does not contain normal microbiota?

Group of answer choices

skin

nasal passages

blood

large intestine

 

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Question 50.5 pts

Which of the following statements about our microbiota is/are true?  

Group of answer choices

there are more microbial cells than human cells in and on the body

all statements are true

they make vitamins for us

they protect us from pathogens

 

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Question 60.5 pts

Why do physicians sometimes suggest that people on antibiotics eat yogurt?

Group of answer choices

antibiotics often cause stomach issues and yogurt helps with the symptoms

antibiotics kill normal microbiota and this helps put back some good bacteria

it helps the body absorb the antibiotic

it helps boost the immune system

 

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Question 70.5 pts

Babies delivered by C-section and those delivered vaginally have the same initial microbial populations.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 80.5 pts

Which symbiotic relationship occurs when a pathogen invades and causes disease?

Group of answer choices

mutualism

opportunism

parasitism

commensalism

 

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Question 90.5 pts

An organism that always causes severe disease would be considered

Group of answer choices

opporutunistic

avirulent

highly virulent

mildly virulent

 

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Question 100.5 pts

The virus that causes the common cold is always present at low levels.  This is an example of a/an __________disease.

Group of answer choices

outbreak

endemic

epidemic

pandemic

 

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Question 110.5 pts

Touching, sneezing, kissing are all examples of ______________methods of disease transmission.

Group of answer choices

reservoirs

direct

fomites

indirect

 

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Question 120.5 pts

Which of the following is an example of a fomite?

Group of answer choices

chicken

skin

water

fork

 

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Question 130.5 pts

Arthropods like house flies that transport microbes its legs or wings is an example of a _____________________ vector.

 

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Question 140.5 pts

Esherichia coli naturally lives in the intestines of mammals. This makes the intestines a 

Group of answer choices

vector

carrier

reservoir

fomite

 

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Question 150.5 pts

A disease transmitted from animals to humans is called a

Group of answer choices

zoonosis

vector

carrier

fomite

 

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Question 160.5 pts

Some people are infected with HIV, can transmit it to others, but have no symptoms.  They are referred to as __________________________. (use plural form of the word)

 

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Question 170.5 pts

Evidence of disease measured by a physician is called a

Group of answer choices

syndrome

diagnosis

symptom

sign

 

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Question 180.5 pts

Which of the following stages of disease progression is categorized by the most severe signs and symptoms?

Group of answer choices

prodromal

acute

convalescence

decline

 

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Question 190.5 pts

If an organism is going to cause disease, what is the first thing it must be able to do?

Group of answer choices

produce toxins

survive phagocytosis

induce fever

get into the body

 

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Question 200.5 pts

The infectious dose varies from pathogen to pathogen.  For some, it is high.  For others, it is low.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 210.5 pts

What does the enzyme, hyaluronidase allow a bacterium to do?

Group of answer choices

survive phagocytosis

spread into deeper layers of tissue

cause paralysis

induce fever

 

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Question 220.5 pts

The toxin that leads to paralysis made by Clostridium botulinum is an example of a/an

Group of answer choices

toxoid

antitoxin

exotoxin

endotoxin

 

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Question 230.5 pts

If someone if suffering from paralysis due to the tetanus toxin, a physician is likely to prescribe a/an

Group of answer choices

exotoxin

antitoxin

toxoid

endotoxin

The goal of the first line of defense of the immune system is to keep pathogens out.  

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 20.5 pts

Most of our portals of entry for pathogens are lined with mucous membranes.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 30.5 pts

Which of following is an example of a chemical barrier to try and keep pathogens out?

Group of answer choices

all of the choices are correct

stomach acid

lysozyme

keratin

 

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Question 40.5 pts

Cells of the immune system engulf and destroy pathogens through the process of ________________.

 

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Question 50.5 pts

What leads to the redness and warmth that is experienced during inflammation?

Group of answer choices

increased blood flow to the area

decreased blood flow to the area

the presence of pathogens

the action of phagocytes

 

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Question 60.5 pts

The presence of microbial fragments like endotoxins can often lead to fever. These are examples of

Group of answer choices

pyrogens

phagocytes

antigens

epitopes

 

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Question 70.5 pts

Molecules recognized by the immune system as foreign are called

Group of answer choices

antigens

pyrogens

antibodies

lymphocytes

 

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Question 80.5 pts

The cell mediated immunity branch is primarily involved in the production of antibodies.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 90.5 pts

Which cells of the immune system kill body cells infected with pathogens?

Group of answer choices

cytotoxic T cells

T helper cells

B cells

memory cells

 

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Question 100.5 pts

Which cells of the immune system make antibodies at a rate of 2000 per second?

Group of answer choices

plasma cells

cytotoxic T cells

T helper cells

memory cells

 

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Question 110.5 pts

Both the cell mediated and antibody mediated branches of the immune system make memory cells after activation.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 120.5 pts

Which class of antibody crosses the placenta?

Group of answer choices

IgG

IgA

IgE

IgM

 

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Question 130.5 pts

The class of antibody primarily involved in allergic reactions is IgA.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 140.5 pts

The type of specific immunity that develops when the immune system responds to antigens and forms antibodies is called _______________ immunity.

 

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Question 150.5 pts

Passive immunity does not last as long as active immunity.

Group of answer choices

True

False

 

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Question 160.5 pts

I had chickenpox when I was a child.  What type of immunity do I have to chickepox?

Group of answer choices

naturally acquired active immunity

artificially acquired active immunity

naturally acquired passive immunity

artificially acquired passive immunity

 

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Question 170.5 pts

Receiving an injection of antitoxin to treat botulism is an example of

Group of answer choices

artificially acquired passive immunity

artificially acquired active immunity

naturally acquired passive immunity

naturally acquired active immunity