Hands on Lab- Endocrine System & Hands on Lab- Blood and Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood and Heart

Whole Blood

Use the following terms to complete this passage. Place the letter in the numbered spaces provided.

a. Erythrocyte

b. Thrombocyte

c. Plasma

d. Red blood cells

e. Leukocytes

f. Connective

g. White Blood Cells

h. Platelets

i. Injury

j. 55%

k. 45%

In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a ____(1)______tissue because it’s extracellular matrix determines its function. Blood is composed of living blood cells, called formed substances, suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ___(2)________. The “fibers” of blood only become visible during ______(3)____________.

When blood is centrifuged, the plasma is less dense and rises to the top. It makes up ___(4)_____ of whole blood.

The other 45% is comprised of 3 formed elements, scientifically they are called: ____(5)_______ (RBC), _____(6)____ (WBC) and ____(7)_____(platelets).

The heavier blood cells become packed at the bottom. Most of the bottom is composed of _____(8)___________.

The “buffy coat” separates these two areas. It is composed of ____(9)______ and ___(10)_______.

White Blood Cells

Answer the following questions about the WBCs.

1. There are 5 Leukocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes.

I. Which are granular and which are agranular?

II. Rank them from the most numerous to least numerous.

2. Name the Leukocytes pictured below.

I.

A. _____

B. _____

C. _____

D. _____

E. _____

Which part of whole blood is being described below? (Terms may be used more than once)

Characteristic	Use the following terms: RBC, WBC, Platelets or Plasma
Carries oxygen
Coagulation
Immunity
No nuclei, Lives about 3 months
Broken megakaryocyte
Numbers increase during infection
Greatest number of formed elements
Contains albumin, fibrin and globulin proteins

Blood Type

The Blood Type Matching game (opens window) is secondary and optional. The object of the game is to score as many points as possible by matching the appropriate blood type of a donor to the blood type of a recipient. During each round, a total of 10 recipients will walk onto the screen. You then click on the donor you think is a match — there's no guarantee that a match exists every time. Each round has a set amount of matches you must make to proceed, and time gets shorter with each progressive round you face.

Analysis Questions (Don’t forget to highlight your answers)

1. Tell me which antigens (A, B and/or Rh) would be found on the red blood cell and which antibodies (A, B, and/or Rh) would be found in the plasma of the following individuals. (Note : antibodies are called Anti-A antibody and not A antibody).

Blood Type	Agglutinogens or antigens	Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma	Can donate blood to type	Can receive blood from type
Type A+	A, Rh		A, AB
Type B-		Anti- A		B, O
Type AB+		None	AB
Type O- (exposed to Rh+ blood)	None			O

2. Why is type O considered the universal donor? (It can give to all blood types is NOT acceptable, explain what its blood antigen/ antibody make up has to do with this ability).

3. Why is type AB the universal recipient? (It can receive from all blood types is NOT acceptable, explain what its blood antigen/ antibody make up has to do with this ability)

4. If patient 2, from the chart above (B-), was given B+ blood, what would happen in regards to her/his plasma antibodies?

The Heart

To understand the anatomy of the heart you will watch a video and fill out the chart below. Most of the structures are in the video, however, some you may need to use your book or another resource.

The Heart

Structure	Function	Oxygenated/Deoxygenated/Both
Right atria	Receive blood from the systemic circulation
Tricuspid valve
Aorta		Oxygenated
	Prevents heart valve prolapse by contracting	Both
	Carries blood to the right atria from structures and organs above the heart	Deoxygenated
Chordae tendinae		Both
	Prevent the back flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atria	Oxygenated
Inferior vena cava
	Prevent the back flow of blood from the aorta to the ventricle	Oxygenated
	First vessel to transports blood to the lungs	Deoxygenated
Interventricular septum
Left ventricle	Receives blood from left atria and contracts to pump blood into the aorta
Cardiac sinus	Delivers blood to the right atria from the cardiac veins.
	Receives blood from pulmonary veins, Feeds blood to left ventricle for distribution	Oxygenated
Pulmonary semilunar valve	Prevents back flow of blood from the pulmonary trunk to the right ventricle
Pulmonary arteries
	Accept blood from the right atria and contracts to pump blood to the pulmonary trunk	Deoxygenated
Interatrial septum	Separates the left and right atria.
Pulmonary veins		Oxygenated

Label the Heart

1.

2. Semilunar Aortic valve_____

3. Semilunar pulmonary valve_____

4. Inferior vena cava_____

5. Left ventricle_____

6. Right atrium_____

7. Tricuspid valve_____

8. aorta_____

9. Right ventricle_____

10. Interventricular septum_____

11. pulmonary artery _____

EKG Interpretation

Cardiac Conduction

The heart has its own system in place to create nerve impulses and does not actually require the brain to make it beat. This electrical system is called the cardiac conduction system. It is made up of specialized tissues and cells embedded in the heart that send impulses directly to the atria and ventricles, causing them to contract. In the normal cardiac cycle, the left and right atria contract together first followed by the contraction of the ventricles together.

a. The cardiac conduction system is complex, but there are five crucial parts. Name the parts of the conduction system beginning at the sinoatrial (SA) node.

1. ____

2. ____

3. ____

4. ____

5. ____

Electrocardiograms

An electrocardiogram is a measurement of the electrical activity and impulses created by the heart. It is most often referred to as an EKG or ECG. Electrodes are placed on the chest and each electrical impulse is translated into a wave pattern on a grid. The grid allows for the calculation of the duration and amplitude of each impulse, as well as whether the impulses are abnormal or irregular. Flat lines on the grid represent no electrical activity, upward spikes represent electrical activity or depolarization, and downward spikes represent repolarization.

Match

1.

2. P wave _____

3. QRS Complex _____

4. T wave _____

5. PR Interval _____

6. QT interval _____

a. Time between the depolarization of the atria and ventricles

b. Depolarization and contraction of the right and left atria

c. Repolarization and relaxation of the ventricles

d. Time for the ventricles to contract and relax

e. Depolarization and contraction of the right and left ventricles

Label

1. T wave _____

2. QT Interval _____

3. P wave _____

4. PR Interval _____

5. QRS Complex _____