Construction & quality

1

Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)

Volumetric Properties

Using

Phase Diagrams

Gmb = 2.329

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

Pb = 5% by mix

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

1.000

2

Gmb = 2.329

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

Pb = 5% by mix

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

1.000

Ma = 0

Mm = 1.0 x 2.329 x 1.0 = 2.329

M = V x G x 1.000

Gmb = 2.329

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

Pb = 5% by mix

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

1.000

0

2.329

0.116 Mb = 0.05 x 2.329 =

Ms = 2.329 - 0.116 = 2.213

3

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.116

2.213

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

V = M

G x 1.000

Vse = 2.213 = 0.810

2.731x 1.0

0.810

Vsb = 2.213 = 0.818

2.705x 1.0

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.116

2.213

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

0.114

0.810

0.008

V = M

G x 1.000

Vb = 0.116 = 0.114

1.015 x 1.0

Vba = 0.818 - 0.810 = 0.008

4

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.116

2.213

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

0.076

0.106 0.114

0.810

0.008

Vbe = 0.114 - 0.008 = 0.106

Va = 1.000 - 0.114 - 0.810 = 0.076

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.108

0.008

0.116

2.213

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

0.076

0.106 0.114

0.810

0.008

M = V x G x 1.000 Mbe = 0.106 x 1.015 x 1.000 = 0.108

Mba = 0.116 - 0.108 = 0.008

5

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.108

0.008

0.116

2.213

0.182

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

0.076

0.106 0.114

0.810

0.008

VMA = Vbe + Va = ( 0.106 + 0.076 ) x 100 = 18.2 %

Air Voids = 0.076 x 100 = 7.6 %

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.108

0.008

0.116

2.213

0.182

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

0.076

0.106 0.114

0.810

0.008

Air Voids = 7.6 %

VMA = 18.2 %

VFA = ( 0.106 / 0.182 ) x 100 = 58.2 %

6

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.108

0.008

0.116

2.213

0.182

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

0.076

0.106 0.114

0.810

0.008

Air Voids = 7.6 % Eff. Asp. Cont. = ( 0.108 / 2.329 ) x 100 = 4.6 %

VMA = 18.2 %

VFA = 58.2 %

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.108

0.008

0.116

2.213

0.182

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

0.076

0.106 0.114

0.810

0.008

Air Voids = 7.6% Effective Asphalt Content = 4.6%

VMA = 18.2 % Abs. Asph. Cont. = ( 0.008 / 2.213 ) x 100 = 0.4%

VFA = 58.2 %

7

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.108

0.008

0.116

2.213

0.182

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

0.076

0.106 0.114

0.810

0.008

Air Voids = 7.6% Max Theo Sp Grav = 2.329 = 2.521

VMA = 18.2 %

VFA = 58.2 % 1.000 - 0.076

1.000

air

asphalt

Gb = 1.015

aggregate

Gsb = 2.705

Gse = 2.731

absorbed asph

2.329 1.000

0

0.108

0.008

0.116

2.213

0.182

VOL (cm3 ) MASS (g)

0.818

0.076

0.106 0.114

0.810

0.008

Air Voids = 7.6% Effective Asphalt Content = 4.6%

VMA = 18.2 % Absorbed Asphalt Content = 0.4%

VFA = 58.2 % Max Theo Sp Grav = 2.521