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HM540

Unit4 DQ

TOPIC #1

Psychological Phases of Disaster Recovery

What are the psychological phases of disaster recovery, and how could crisis intervention strategies be customized for each phase?

Respond Kindly to Student #1 Travis Reed

Hello Y’all

There is the pre-disaster phase where disasters that lack warning cause vulnerability feelings as well as a sense of loss of control or individuals' inability to protect themselves and their families. Disasters with warning sign self-blame or guilt due to failure to take precautions based on early warnings. Additionally, there is the imp[act phase, in which slow, low-threat disasters cause psychological impacts that differ from rapid, dangerous disasters (Bellamy et al., 2019). Also, there is the heroic that has high activity level with a low productivity level. This phase signifies a sense of altruism, and members within the community exhibit a rescue behavior induced by adrenaline. The honeymoon phase involves emotion with a dramatic shift. Normally, disaster aid is readily available. Under the disillusionment phase, individuals and communities realize the disaster assistance limits. Optimism shifts to discouragement and stress levels escalate. It is under this phase that negative reactions such as substance abuse or physical exhaustion begin to surface. Lastly, there is the reconstruction phase, which is characterized by the general feeling of recovery (Tagliacozzo & Arcidiacono, 2015). Communities and individuals begin to assume roles and responsibilities aimed at rebuilding their lives. The crisis intervention strategies need to be sectioned and aligned to each of the above phases to enhance the effectiveness of these strategies. Besides, these strategies need to be endowed with resources that much the needs of each phase.

References

Bellamy, N. D., Wang, M. Q., McGee, L. A., Liu, J. S., & Robinson, M. E. (2019). Crisis-counselor perceptions of job training, stress, and satisfaction during disaster recovery. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(1), 19.

Tagliacozzo, S., & Arcidiacono, C. (2015). Do ICTs help to maintain social capital in the disaster recovery phase? A case study of the L'aquila earthquake. The Journal of Community Informatics, 11(1).

 

v/r

Reed

No part of this posting is intended to offend anyone in this class. If my posting does offend anyone, I sincerely apologize. 

Respond Kindly to Student #2 Keith Hamilton

Good morning,

First Happy thanksgiving to everyone! Hope everyone enjoys their day and eat lots of good food!

                According to James & Gilliland (2017) there are ten psychological phases of disaster recovery:

1. Impact phase

2. Emergency/acute heroic/rescue phase

3. Inventory/recovery phase

4. Honeymoon phase

5. Avoidance phase

6. Adaption phase

7. Disillusionment phase

8. Anniversary phase

9. Pathogenic to salutogenic shift

10. Restabilization/reconstruction phase.

Crisis intervention strategies can and should be tailored to each phase of recovery. In each phase there will different things that will be needed by the person who is in the disaster. In the impact phase for example this is where most of the initial stress will be compared to the adaption phase. So as each phase comes the plan has to be altered to fit the specific needs.

 

References

James, R.K., Gilliland, B.E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies. (8th ed.) Cengage Learning

TOPIC #2

Development of Trauma Response Systems

Why do you think that the medical and incident command system (ICS) trauma response systems are so much more developed and sophisticated versus the mental health care trauma response system?

Respond Kindly to Student #1 Rama Mustafa

Medical and ICS trauma response system is a response system that is set when there is an emergency for the purposes of ensuring that all the responders as well as the victims have a system and approach to handle arising incidents of trauma. Mental healthcare trauma response system on the other hand is a mental healthcare that is set to respond to incidents of trauma in case it arises. The two systems are set to ensure that trauma has been dealt with to ensure that all the systems arises. Therefore, the two systems are there to ensure that there is none of the trauma cases goes unnoticed (James, 2017).

In my view, medical and ICS trauma response systems are more developed and sophisticated owing to the fact that they perform duties that needs a developed system of response. An ICS system helps all the victims of an emergency to work in a way that will ensure that the disaster response has all the equipment that could be needed (Roberts, 2015). For instance, an ICS system and medical systems are set to ensure that there is none of the medical cases or the victims are not cared for in terms of the holistic approach to the issue.

On the other hand, mental healthcare trauma response system is less developed because it does not handle cases that are not well sophisticated as much as the ICS and medical trauma. Therefore, the number or the cases that are handled are different therefore requiring a developed and system of response. The two systems despite handling different cases indicates the kind of response and system that should be set in place for adequate response to the victims of an emergency. Suffice to note that a medical trauma response system should does not require to handle emergency cases therefore the difference in terms of response compared to the ICS and medical trauma response center

References

James, R.K., Gilliland, B.E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies. (8th ed.) Cengage Learning

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Roberts, Y. (2015). Crisis Intervention.  https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-02419-000

Respond Kindly to Student #2 Joshua Holland

An ICS trauma response system is more developed based on the types of responses that are responded to and the system that has been developed in efforts to that response. The ICS response system was designed to allow the management of the response through successive stages, by doing this, it allows them to have a more integrated response effort while using resource management tools to be able to sustain, track and request resources. The ICS command structure allows them to be able to communicate more effectively the goals and objectives of the response effort. 

Mental healthcare trauma response systems aren't as affective due to the fact they focus on cases that due not have has much moving pieces associated with their response efforts. The response efforts for a mental healthcare trauma response is primarily a more targeted response that does not have as many resources allocated to it along with the type of command structure that the ICS response system has. 

-Josh

References: 

Bahrami, P., Ardalan, A., Nejati, A., Ostadtaghizadeh, A., & Yari, A. (2020). Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Hospital Incident Command System; Findings from a Systematic Review. Bulletin of emergency and trauma, 8(2), 62–76.  https://doi.org/10.30476/BEAT.2020.46445

James, R.K., Gilliland, B.E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies. (8th ed.) Cengage Learning