technical writing

I. Cyber war fare refers to the use of digital attack such as computer virus and hacking from one country to another with the motive of damaging, destruction and creating problems in the device. More number of the attack has been increase this year due to the pandemic which is form corona virus.

A. The term cyber war is increasingly controversial. Cyber-attack made from one place to results damage the infrastructures such as air traffic controls, financial network or electrical grid, might be considered as an armed attack if attribution could be proved.

1. The cyber spaces have three layers such as physical layer, syntactic layer and semantic layer. All three layers are vulnerable to attack. It can be made with the traditional weapon or combat methods.

a. In order to get physical access in to network or computer, computers are physically destroyed trough networks and the human users of physical structure are killed.

b. Cyber weapons which destroy, interfere, corrupt, monitor and damage the software operating the computer system.

c. Social engineering, manipulate human users perceptions and interpretations of computer-generated data in order to obtain valuable information form the illegal means.

B. Cyber-attack usually hits to the big companies. Former Cisco CEO John Chambers once said, “There are two types of companies: those that have been hacked, and those who don’t yet know they have been hacked.” According to the Cisco Annual Cyber security Report, the total volume of events has increased almost fourfold between January 2016 and October 2017.

1. Cyber war can be taken some prevention measures to protect the company

a. Bad relationship between two different countries.

b. identify vulnerabilities and keep them a secret from the open community,

c. Causes electrical blackouts, failure of military equipment and breaches of national security secrets.

Summary

· Cyber war is a vast popular topic in the current world.

· Increasing problems of attacks in the computer information system.

· This paper gives an overview of the definition of different cybercrime

· Attacks from one country to another country.

· High rate of cyber war due to the current situation, COVID 19.

· Methods and practice of cyber war and the countries involve in such activities.

· Some of the ways to protect the information from such activities.

Introduction

· Cyber war fare is a digital attack such as computer virus and hacking from one country to another.

· Definition of different types of cyber war such as cybercrime, cyber space, information war fare and cyber war fare.

· With the increase number of attack this year because of the Corona virus and its detail information.

· Their motive is to destroy and take others personal information.

· All technologic advances in history, this cyber world have also been turned into weapons.

· This paper presents the definition model and demonstrates how this can be used to attack from one country to another, the methods of cyber-attack and the companies being attack.

Background/ History

· The first cyber-attack started in 1971

· The first Daniel of attack was made in 1989; malware which is called AIDS_TROJAN was made as an intention to damage the property.

· Computer misuse act was passed in United Kingdom in 1990

· In 2003 the Hacktivist Anonymous group was started which is an international groups,

· The total volume of events has increased almost fourfold between January 2016 and October 2017.

· 2010, Stuxnet: first genuine cyber weapon which was designed to inflict physical damage.

· 2014, Russian DDoS attack against Ukraine.

· 2015, Russia vs. German parliament where German investigators discover the hackers.

· 2016, second Russian-caused power outage in Ukraine

· 2017, WannaCry was a ransom ware cryptoworm which targeted computers running Microsoft Windows.

Analysis of results

· Cyber-attack made from one place to results damage the infrastructures such as air traffic controls, financial network or electrical grid.

· In general cyber spaces have three layer such as physical layer, syntactic layer and semantic layer.

· It can be made with the traditional weapon or combat methods.

· It usually hits to the big companies.

· It is claimed that at least 140 countries are developing cyber weapons, which are seen as covert and highly cost effective.

· Non-kinetic attacks still cause real damage and are still ‘war’.

Physical damage of computers and communication lines

· This layer includes hardware, cables, satellite, and other equipment’s.

· Usually it occurs during conventional where telecommunications, communication networks, computer facilities were damaged.

Syntactic layers

· This attack is made from cyber weapons which destroy, interfere, corrupt, monitor and damage the software operating the computer system

· It includes malware, malicious software such as viruses, Trojans, spyware that introduce to corrupted code in software.

Semantic layer

· This attack is made through social engineering which manipulates the human user perceptions and interpretation of computer generated data

· Tries to get personal valuable information such as passwords, valuable information, documents.

· This technic also includes phishing in which attackers send multiple emails to targeted users.

hacked.” Accordialmost fourfold b

Cyber war

· Botnets with DDoS attack

· Damage of system

· Website defacement

Manipulation

Theft or manipulation of information

Manipulation of computers

Install malware

Viruses

Trojan

Worms

Gain access

social engineering

Laptop theft

Manipulated hardware and software

Hacking/scans/brute force

Figure: different methods of the cyber war fare

Consequences

· China’s main intelligence service had infiltrated more than 100 companies and organizations around the world to steal intelligence, hijack their networks and extort their victims.

· Bad relationship between two different countries.

· identify vulnerabilities and keep them a secret from the open community,

· Causes electrical blackouts, failure of military equipment and breaches of national security secrets.

· Theft of valuable, sensitive data like medical records.

· introduce exploitable vulnerabilities into the software and hardware of computers used in civilian and critical infrastructure applications.

· Disrupt phone and computer networks or paralyze systems, making data unavailable.

Prevention

· Perform continuous inspection of network traffic flows to detect and prevent port scans and host sweeps.

· Gain full visibility into all traffic, including SSL, and block high-risk applications.

· Securing with the hard and difficult password

· Block known exploits malware and inbound command-and-control communications using multiple threat prevention disciplines.

· Prevent malware installation, known or unknown, on the endpoint, network and cloud services.

· Limit local admin access of users.

Conclusion

· This paper has provided the different ways of cyber war which are done form one place/country to another.

· The history of cyber war.

· Shown the crucial methods/role of cyber war

· Prevention for such crimes are mentioned

References

Encyclopedia Britannica. 2020. Cyberwar. [online] Available at: <https://www.britannica.com/topic/cyberwar> [Accessed 13 September 2020].Services, P., 2020

Cyber Attack - What Are Common Cyberthreats?. [online] Cisco. Available at: <https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/common-cyberattacks.html#~types-of-cyber-attacks> [Accessed 13 September 2020].

Lewis University Online Degrees. 2020. The History Of Cyber Warfare - INFOGRAPHIC. [online] Available at: <https://online.lewisu.edu/mscs/resources/the-history-of-cyber-warfare> [Accessed 12 October 2020].

Fortune. 2020. Cyberwar: How Nations Attack Without Bullets Or Bombs. [online] Available at: <https://fortune.com/2018/05/12/cyberwar-cyberattacks/> [Accessed 27 September 2020].

Nytimes.com. 2020. U.S. Accuses Hackers Of Trying To Steal Coronavirus Vaccine Data For China. [online] Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/us/politics/china-hacking-coronavirus-vaccine.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article> [Accessed 27 September 2020].

Rovner, J., 2020. Cyber War As An Intelligence Contest - War On The Rocks. [online] War on the Rocks. Available at: <https://warontherocks.com/2019/09/cyber-war-as-an-intelligence-contest/> [Accessed 12 October 2020].

The Missing Report. 2020. What Are Cyber Threats And What To Do About Them - The Missing Report. [online] Available at: <https://preyproject.com/blog/en/what-are-cyber-threats-how-they-affect-you-what-to-do-about-them/> [Accessed 12 October 2020].

"How To Break The Cyber Attack Lifecycle". Palo Alto Networks, 2020, https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/how-to-break-the-cyber-attack-lifecycle?utm_source=google-search&utm_medium=paid-search&utm_term=%2Bcyber%20%2Battack&utm_campaign=&sfdcid=7014u000001dMB8AAM&gclid=Cj0KCQjwxNT8BRD9ARIsAJ8S5xa77P30-rM6RXCRKW59XyMObMCbv07Pu2R7MjzvFwAPovJybng6rRIaArJuEALw_wcB. Accessed 25 Oct 2020.