SPSS Research123

The Suitability of Handwashing, Age, and Gender

HLTH 511

Methods

Sample:

A convenience sample of 100 undergraduate students from the University of Hawaii (18 to 22

years of age) was used.

Equipment:

Sink, Stopwatch

Measurements:

Time will start when each participant’s hands are wet and will end when hands are removed from

under faucet. After the participants finished washing their hands, they were asked to state their

age. Participants were unaware that they were part of a statistical study as to remove any bias.

Statistical Procedures:

Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics

according the to the level of measurements were calculated for each variable. Normality tests

along with check for kurtosis, skewness, and outlier were done for both research questions. The

Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to test the hypothesis for statistical significance

between age and handwashing time. There are several assumptions that were tested:

measurement of variables (2 categorical/independent (not related) groups; DV must be interval/

ratio); no outliers (using the Outlier Labeling Rule); normal distribution of dependent variable

(tested by Shapiro-Wilk, calculation of skewness/kurtosis, inspection); and homogeneity of

variance (tested by Levene’s test). Independent sample t-test were used to determine if males and

females handwashing times differ significantly. The level of significance alpha = 0.05 was used

for both tests.

Hypothesis tested:

Null Hypothesis: ρ (rho) =0 There is no significant relationship between age and handwashing

time.

Alternate Hypothesis: ρ (rho) ≠0 There is a significant relationship between age and

handwashing time.

Null Hypothesis: μ(mu) male – μ(mu) female =0 There is no significant difference between mean

handwashing time and being female or male.

Alternative Hypothesis: μ(mu) male – μ(mu) female ≠0 There is a significant difference between

mean handwashing time and being female or male.