HUM 2000 MOD 6 ASSN

M6A1: Database Project - Hospital Readmissions – Step by Step Instructions

To Complete Objective #1 in Excel: Step by Step to Verify Your Work

Step 1: Organize Your Data

1. Open Excel and load the November and December discharge data into two separate worksheet tabs (e.g., "November Data" and "December Data").

2. Identify the ICD-9 Codes: The specific ICD-9 codes you need to focus on are:

· AMI: 410.0-410.9

· CHF: 428

· Pneumonia: 486

Step 2: Sort the Data by ICD-9 Code

1. Sorting November Data:

· Go to the "November Data" worksheet.

· Click on the column header that contains the ICD-9 codes to select the entire column.

· Go to the Excel ribbon and select the Data tab.

· Click Sort A to Z (or Sort Smallest to Largest). This will sort your data by the ICD-9 code.

· Repeat the same steps to sort the December data.

Step 3: Copy and Paste Data Side by Side

1. Create a New Worksheet:

· Add a new worksheet tab and name it something like "Comparison Data".

2. Copy November Data:

· Go to the "November Data" worksheet, select the rows corresponding to the ICD-9 codes for AMI, CHF, and Pneumonia, and copy them.

· Paste this data into the "Comparison Data" worksheet starting from column A.

3. Copy December Data:

· Go to the "December Data" worksheet, select the rows for the same ICD-9 codes, and copy them.

· Paste this data into the "Comparison Data" worksheet, starting from the next empty column (e.g., column G).

Step 4: Compare for Duplicate Readmissions

1. Compare Data:

· To identify duplicate readmissions, look for matching patient IDs (or medical record numbers) in the November and December data for each ICD-9 code.

· You can do this by manually scanning or by using Excel’s Conditional Formatting feature:

· Highlight the November patient IDs.

· Go to the Home tab, select Conditional Formatting > Highlight Cells Rules > Duplicate Values.

· This will highlight any duplicates within the selected range.

· Repeat the process for December data.

2. Count Duplicates:

· Count the highlighted duplicates manually or use the COUNTIF function:

· Example: =COUNTIF(A:A, "patient ID") where "patient ID" is a specific value you're counting.

Step 5: Calculate 30-Day Readmissions

1. Transfer Counts:

· Go to the "2010 IPPS 30-day Readmit Rates" tab.

· Enter the number of duplicates (readmissions) you counted for each ICD-9 code in the yellow-highlighted cells corresponding to December.

Step 6: Calculate Readmission Rates

1. Calculate the Percentage:

· In cell B12, enter the formula to calculate the percentage of readmissions for AMI in December:

· = (Number of AMI Readmissions / Total AMI Discharges) * 100

· Example: If there were 10 readmissions out of 100 discharges, the formula would be = (10 / 100) * 100.

· Pull the formula to the right to apply it to the other ICD-9 codes (CHF and Pneumonia).

2. Repeat for Each Diagnosis:

· Do the same for CHF and Pneumonia, entering the respective formulas in their cells.

Final Check:

· Review all your entries to ensure accuracy.

· Save your work with a descriptive file name, such as "lastname_firstname_DB2_Readmissions".

Objective #2 – Step by Step Instructions

Step 1: Prepare Your Data for Charting

1. Open Your Excel File:

· Make sure you have your data ready in the "2010 IPPS 30-day Readmit Rates" tab.

· This tab should include the data for readmissions by month and diagnosis, including the percentages you calculated in Objective #1.

2. Highlight Your Data:

· Click and drag to select all the relevant rows and columns that contain your data. Make sure to include the header rows (e.g., Diagnosis, Total Discharges, Readmissions, Percentages) so that your chart will have proper labels.

Step 2: Insert a Chart

1. Go to the Insert Tab:

· With your data highlighted, go to the Insert tab on the Excel ribbon at the top of the screen.

2. Choose a Chart Type:

· Column Chart: This is good for comparing values across different categories.

· Click Insert Column Chart and choose a simple 2-D column chart.

· Line Chart: This is ideal for showing trends over time.

· Click Insert Line Chart and choose a simple 2-D line chart.

· Bar Chart: Similar to a column chart, but displays the data horizontally.

· Click Insert Bar Chart and choose a simple 2-D bar chart.

· Pie Chart: Useful for showing parts of a whole, but not ideal for trend analysis.

· Click Insert Pie Chart if you want to display the proportion of readmissions.

· Recommended Chart: If you’re unsure, click on Recommended Charts to see which charts Excel suggests based on your data.

3. Insert the Chart:

· Once you select the chart type, Excel will automatically generate the chart and place it in your worksheet.

Step 3: Customize the Chart

1. Add Titles and Labels:

· Chart Title: Click on the chart title area to edit the title. You can label it something descriptive like "2010 30-Day Readmission Rates by Diagnosis."

· Axis Labels: To add labels to the axes (e.g., "Months" on the X-axis, "Percentage of Readmissions" on the Y-axis), click on the chart, then select Chart Elements (the plus sign next to the chart), and check the Axis Titles box. Edit the titles by clicking on the axis labels.

2. Adjust the Legend and Data Series:

· If your chart includes multiple data series (e.g., AMI, CHF, Pneumonia), Excel will automatically generate a legend. You can reposition it by clicking and dragging it within the chart area.

· To adjust the data series (e.g., changing colors or line styles), right-click on the series within the chart and choose Format Data Series.

3. Resize and Move the Chart:

· Click and drag the edges of the chart to resize it as needed.

· You can also click and drag the chart to reposition it within your worksheet.

Step 4: Evaluate the Chart

1. Review the Chart for Clarity:

· Check if the chart clearly displays the trend you want to present. Make sure the data is easy to read and understand.

· Ask yourself whether the chart effectively communicates the trend in readmissions to hospital leadership. Does it show whether the readmission rates are improving or worsening over time?

2. Try Different Chart Types:

· If the first chart you created doesn’t effectively show the trend, try inserting a different type of chart by repeating Steps 2 and 3 with a new chart type.

Step 5: Finalize and Save

1. Finalize Your Chart:

· Once you are satisfied with your chart, make any final adjustments to the titles, labels, and formatting to ensure it looks professional and clear.

2. Save Your Work:

· Save your Excel file to ensure all your changes are preserved. Consider saving it with a descriptive name like "lastname_firstname_2010ReadmissionTrends."

Step 6: Analyze and Present

1. Analyze the Chart:

· Based on the chart you created, write a brief analysis explaining the trend you see. This can be done in a text box within the Excel worksheet or in a separate document.

· Explain which chart type you chose and why it most effectively demonstrates the trend.

2. Prepare for Presentation:

· Make sure your chart is ready to be presented to hospital leadership by ensuring it is clear, professional, and accurately reflects the data.

Objective #3 – Step by Step

Step 1: Review the Data and Charts

1. Review Your Data:

· Go back to the data you’ve organized and analyzed in the previous steps (Objective #1 and Objective #2).

· Look closely at the trends in the readmission rates for each ICD-9 code (AMI, CHF, Pneumonia) as shown in your chart.

2. Interpret the Trends:

· Ask yourself: Did the readmission rates increase, decrease, or remain stable over time?

· Consider whether any noticeable changes occurred after implementing the hospital’s new programs, such as the education and discharge medication verification program.

Step 2: Insert a Text Box

1. Go to the Summary Tab:

· Navigate to the worksheet tab where you are summarizing your findings (e.g., the "Summary 2010 30-day Readm Trend" tab).

2. Insert a Text Box:

· Go to the Insert tab on the Excel ribbon at the top of the screen.

· Click on Text Box in the Text group.

· Click and drag on the worksheet to create a text box where you want to write your analysis. You can adjust the size of the text box by clicking and dragging the corners.

Step 3: Summarize Your Analysis

1. Begin Your Analysis:

· Click inside the text box to start typing. Compose a paragraph summarizing your analysis of the data.

· Introductory Sentence: Start with a general statement about whether Willie Getwell Hospital’s efforts were effective in reducing 30-day readmission rates.

2. Describe the Trends for Each ICD-9 Code:

· Discuss the trends you observed for each ICD-9 code:

· AMI (410.0-410.9): Did the readmission rate for AMI patients go up, down, or stay the same? What does this suggest about the effectiveness of the hospital’s efforts for this group?

· CHF (428): What trend did you notice for CHF patients? Is there evidence of improvement or an area where the hospital may need to focus more?

· Pneumonia (486): Describe the trend for pneumonia readmissions. Was there a positive impact, or does this area still pose challenges?

3. Assess the Overall Effectiveness:

· After discussing each ICD-9 code, provide a summary of whether the hospital’s overall efforts seem preliminarily effective based on the trends.

· Consider whether any further actions might be needed or if the current strategies should be continued.

Step 4: Incorporate Research

1. Support Your Analysis with Research:

· Include a sentence or two referencing research that supports your findings. You might want to look for studies or articles that discuss successful strategies for reducing hospital readmissions or the challenges of implementing such strategies.

· Example: “Research indicates that patient education and follow-up care are critical factors in reducing readmission rates (Author, Year). The slight decline in readmissions for AMI at Willie Getwell Hospital aligns with these findings, suggesting that their new programs may be starting to have a positive impact.”

2. Cite Your Sources:

· If you reference research, make sure to include a citation within your text. If possible, include a full reference at the bottom of your text box or in a designated reference section of your worksheet.

Objective #4 Step by Step

Step 1: Create a New Worksheet Tab

1. Open Your Excel File:

· Make sure your Excel file is open with the previous tabs and data ready.

2. Add a New Worksheet Tab:

· Click the + icon at the bottom of Excel to add a new worksheet tab.

· Right-click on the new tab and select Rename.

· Name the tab Summary 2010 30-day Readm Trend.

Step 2: Organize Your Summary Information

1. Prepare to Present Your Data:

· Think of this worksheet as a summary page that presents your findings in a clear and professional manner, similar to a slide in a PowerPoint presentation.

2. Title Your Worksheet:

· At the top of the worksheet, enter a title such as "2010 30-Day Readmission Trends Summary". You can make this bold and increase the font size to make it stand out.

Step 3: Present the Numbers Determined for 30-Day Readmissions

1. Summarize the Key Numbers:

· In the top section of your new worksheet, create a table that summarizes the key numbers you calculated for 30-day readmissions. Include:

· The total number of discharges for each ICD-9 code (AMI, CHF, Pneumonia).

· The number of 30-day readmissions for each code.

· The readmission rate percentage for each code.

· Example Table:

1. Use Color for Clarity:

· Highlight the table with a subtle color to distinguish it from the rest of the text. This will make it easier for the hospital board to quickly grasp the key figures.

Step 4: Insert the Trending Chart

1. Copy the Chart:

· Go to the worksheet where you created the trending chart (from Objective #2).

· Click on the chart to select it.

· Right-click and select Copy.

2. Paste the Chart into the Summary Tab:

· Navigate back to your Summary 2010 30-day Readm Trend tab.

· Right-click in the area where you want the chart to appear and select Paste.

· Position the chart below or beside your summary table.

3. Label the Chart:

· Make sure your chart has a clear title and that all axes are labeled appropriately. If necessary, adjust the title or labels to ensure clarity.

Step 5: Include the Textual Summary

1. Insert a Text Box for Your Summary:

· Go to the Insert tab in Excel.

· Click on Text Box in the Text group.

· Click and drag to create a text box below or beside your chart and summary table.

2. Write Your Summary:

· In the text box, write a concise summary of your analysis. This should be a paragraph that captures the key points:

· Whether Willie Getwell Hospital’s efforts were effective.

· The trends observed for each ICD-9 code.

· Any relevant research that supports your findings.

3. Format the Text Box:

· Ensure the text is legible and well-organized. You might want to adjust the font size or style to match the rest of the worksheet.

· Consider adding a border or shading to the text box to make it stand out.

Step 6: Add References

1. List Your References:

· If you referenced any research or external sources in your textual summary, create a section at the bottom of the worksheet labeled "References".

· List all sources in APA format.

2. Format the References Section:

· Use a smaller font size if necessary to fit all references neatly. Make sure this section is clearly labeled and easy to read.