LEA 11

History of the Pledge of Allegiance Pledge of Allegiance(Bellamy versions) (changes are bolded and underlined)

1892 (first version)

[1]

"I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."

1892 to 1923 (early revision by Bellamy)

[2]

"I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."

1923 to 1924 [3]

"I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and

justice for all." 1924 to 1954

[3]

"I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with

liberty and justice for all." 1954

(current version, per 4 U.S.C. §4) [4]

"I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God,

indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."

Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance

“the 37-year-old Bellamy set to work arranging a patriotic program for schools around the country to coincide with

opening ceremonies for the Columbian Exposition in October 1892, the 400th anniversary of Christopher

Columbus' arrival in the New World. Bellamy successfully lobbied Congress for a resolution endorsing the school ceremony, and he helped convince President Benjamin

Harrison to issue a proclamation declaring a Columbus Day holiday.

[…] In 1923, a National Flag Conference, presided over by the

American Legion and the Daughters of the American Revolution, ordained that "my flag" should be changed to "the flag of the United States," lest immigrant children be unclear just which flag they were saluting. The following

year, the Flag Conference refined the phrase further, adding "of America.”

[…] A decade later, following a lobbying campaign by the

Knights of Columbus—a Catholic fraternal organization—and others, Congress approved the addition of the words "under God" within the phrase "one nation indivisible." On June 14, 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower signed the bill into law.”

Reference: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-wrote-the- pledge-of-allegiance-93907224/