History of Psychology
dusancantin
HistoryofPsychology.pptxWelcome to Psychology!
Ms. Dalgleish
Psychology
What do you Know?
What do you Wonder?
Psychology:
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes
Psychology
A Brief History of
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Trepanning
Out of 120 prehistoric skulls found at one burial site in France dated to 6500 BC, 40 had trepanation holes.
holes were drilled into a person who was behaving in what was considered an abnormal way to let out what people believed were evil spirits. Actually it relieves pressure from an injury or infection, which impairs brain function.
Cave paintings indicate that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures, migraines, and mental disorders.[1] The bone that was trepanned was kept by the prehistoric people and may have been worn as a charm to keep evil spirits away.
The holes HEALED. What does that mean? They survived brain surgery
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Ebers Papyrus
an Egyptian medical papyrus of herbal knowledge from 1550 BC
Thales
550 BC
Greece
First to describe world without mythology
Theory of mind (psyche)
Hippocrates 300BC Galen 170
Illness not supernatural
4 Humors
Stories from North America’s Aboriginal Peoples
Characters in stories have distinct attributes and personality traits:
Intelligent
Quick witted
Observant
Manipulative (Trickster)
Foolish
Lazy
Each animal has a spirit, and is controlled by greater spirit.
Notion of distinct physical and spirit worlds
Mind altering substances used by shamans and others to gain special insights
Importance of thanks and recognition (e.g. for an animal’s sacrifice becoming food) shows that thoughts matter.
Thoughts and actions are distinct.
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Lin Xie
6th Century China
Draw a circle with one hand and a square with the other
First Psychology experiment ever?
Sometime in the 6th C. Lin Xie asked people to draw a square with one hand and a circle with the other. First psych experiment?
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Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi
900 CE
diseases of mind –
"if the nafs [psyche] gets sick, the body may also find no joy in life and may eventually develop a physical illness."
Perception Experiments
Light, dark, touch, reaction time, and the moon illusion
Ibn al-Haytham
Meanwhile, in Europe…
Mind = soul
Therefore, “Psychology” is the Catholic church’s territory
Until… the scientific revolution (1543 to late 1700s)
Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, Leibniz, Descartes, etc…
The universe follows rules:
Advances in technology:
Taken to the extreme - all animals are essentially robots
“Clockwork Universe” (1774)
René Descartes
Dualist (mind and body are separate) and a Mechanist
“I think, therefore I am.”
1664 – published posthumously
1700s
Thinking and writing about human understanding
“HOW DO WE KNOW THINGS?”
John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume, John Stuart Mill, etc.
Franz Joseph Gall
Phrenology
Francis Galton
1869 - “Hereditary Genius”
first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences
Pioneer of Eugenics
Wilhelm Wundt
1879
Psychology!!!
First Lab founded - experimental psychology
Physiology alone can’t explain perception and cognition
First to call himself a “psychologist.” - It’s a field of study unique from all others and deserves its own title.
Modern Psychology in the 20th Century (and beyond)
6 Approaches/ Paradigms
Behaviourism
Psychoanalysis
Humanism
Cognitivism
BioPsych
SocioCultural
Proponents:
Pavlov
Freud
Rogers
Maslow
Piaget
Chomsky
Vygotsky
etc...
Sigmund Freud
The unconscious mind
Free association
Dream analysis
Sex, sex, sex.
The Psychoanalysts:
Cigar?
Or penis?
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
(stimulus - response)
The Behaviourists:
Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers
Self directed
Potential
“you’re not a bad person, you just make bad choices”
The Humanists:
Jean Piaget & Noam Chomsky
Behaviour is more than response to stimulus
Something is going on in the mind
The Cognitivists:
The PsychoBiologists
Role of genetics
Hormones, chemicals, drugs
Brain Scans
The SocioCultural Psychologists:
Lev Vygotsky, et al.
Context
Cultural Beliefs
Poster Project
Research a major figure in the history of psychology:
Who is your person?
When and where did they live?
What did they do that’s significant to the field of psychology?
Which of the 6 contemporary approaches did they invent or would fit their view?
Requirements /4
-all questions are answered
Presentation /4
-information is organized (title, paragraphs, boxes, etc.)
-use of visuals
Detail /4
-includes a bibliography of resources used
-use of multiple (3)resources
-information is accurate and thorough (explain important terms and ideas)
Journal Time
What ideas did you find interesting/ ridiculous?
Have you ever asked the same sorts of questions?
How would you go about answering them?
