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historyofindia1.pptxSociology of India
Lecture 4
History of India
After the end of Gupta rule, Hybrid cultures began known as “middle kingdoms” for 1500 years
The Classical Age – (320-550 CE) “Golden Age” creation of science and mathematics (logic, astronomy, religion, science, technology, engineering).
The first University was created around 500 CE known as Nalanda University. First university to have dorms as well.
The Islamic Empires – (720 CE – 1500’s) wanted to invade India for diamonds
Mohammad Bin Qasim invaded Pakistan area
The Mughals – (1500 – 1700’s)
History of India
1526 Babur (descendant of Genghis Khan) travelled the Khyber Pass and established the Mughal Empire – expanding from Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh
Humayun, Babur’s son followed with interruption until 1556
Humayun’s son Akbar followed until 1605 Akbar was known as “Akbar the Great” because he won famous victories. He greatly expanded the Empire and is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Empire as he set up the empire's various institutions. Being a Muslim, he married a Hindu
Akbar was known as peaceful and cared for Hindus. He lead by attracting loyalty creating a near divine status.
History of India
Jahangir 1605-1627 Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against their emperor fathers. Opened first relations with the British East India Company. Reportedly was an alcoholic.
Shah Jahan 1627-1658 Built the Taj Mahal and other Islamic style structures
Aurengzeb 1658-1707 Least peaceful of the emperors. Expanded empire to it’s greatest extent. Ordered to demolish temples of non-Muslims and forced conversions
Prominent mughal era architecture in india
Mughal architecture is a remarkably symmetrical and decorative amalgam of Persian, Turkish, and Indian architecture.
Mughal architecture first developed and flourished during the reign of Akbar the Great (1556–1605), where it was known for its extensive use of red sandstone as a building material.
Humayun’s Tomb, the sandstone mausoleum of Akbar’s father, was built during this period of Mughal architecture.
Architecture reached its peak in refinement and attention to detail under Shah Jahan (1628–1658), who commissioned the famous Taj Mahal , a white marble mausoleum dedicated to his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
Mughal architecture began to decline after the death of the emperor Aurangzeb in 1707.
Key Terms
finial: Any decorative fitting at the peak of a gable or on the top of a flagpole, fence post, or staircase newel post.
pietra dura: Hard and fine stones in general, as used for inlay and distinguished from the softer stones used in building.
mausoleum: A large stately tomb or a building housing such a tomb or several tombs.
lattice: A flat panel constructed with widely spaced crossed thin strips of wood or other material, commonly used as a garden trellis.
Red Fort, New Delhi 1639
Shah Jahan Reigned 1628-1658
Taj Mahal, Agra, 1653
Taj Mahal
Tombs in Taj (pietra dura inlays)
Room where Shah Jahan was held captive
Buland Darwaza
Agra Fort Palace, 1573
Fatehpur Sikhri
