Architecture history final

A.

These people see themselves and their land as the beating heart of Mother Earth. Their rituals are derived from stories passed down to each other and a form of sacred knowledge. Without scientific evidence and often in conflict with western rationalism they have been warning us about our destruction for decades

B.

These people of the horse were brilliant riders who took a new animal introduced to the world and made it into a part of their being, they used it to remain free and dominant until their horses were slaughtered.

C.

This may be the best farming culture ever. Massive canals, salt-fixing planting methods and a thousand years of peace through dancing rituals

D.

This was not one people but many, who came together and built places of ritual and harvest, then moved on to another sacred place.

E.

These cedar-planked buildings are oriented at the center of the cosmos, facing towards the source of their sacred food, the ocean. The art is a form of teaching about sacred ancestors and spirit animals.

F.

A complex heirarchical society who left mysterious geoglyphs and sacred cities on the landscape

A.

This city at the crossroads of the silk road was laid to waste by the mongols for defying their trade. It was rebuilt using the spoils of conquest by a Mongol descendant to rule a vast empire.

B.

Masters of farming, water management, weaving and pottery they traded for shells that they could then sell for jewelry. They survived through a communal ball-court ritual for over a thousand years of peace until they began to change their ritual architecture

C.

This ancient building type facilitated land merchants on their routes to the west from the east, it also becomes the template for the early mosque

D.

This vibrant capital was at the end of the silk road, and was also the massive capital of several Dynasties.

E.

This site is a center of religion, trade and knowledge. Gold, salt and other vital good for global trade moved from here overland to the East.

F. This center place traded a ritual experience for food, birds, jewelry and other goods from hundreds of miles away.

G. Built in a defensible lagoon, this wealthy site was able to build ships quickly to dominate sea trade. It invented the modern bond market in order to borrow money to finance war, and is the origin of the first Jewish Ghetto

H. The is most powerful of the violent and independent cities in the region began as a wool and textile town before mastering the art of banking and exchange to take the products of the east and move them on to the west. Its wealth helped build what we think of as the Renaissance.

I. Hidden for centuries from outsiders due to its impressive control over water in a desert, this was a vital location for trade between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean

J. This Mississipean mound culture thrived along a nearby river for hundreds of years. They farmed, built ancestor burial mounds crafted fine art and kept careful watch over the sun. Many of the other sites in our region have been destroyed

A.

More popularly known as a wickup, this was a lodge built out of found dead wood to provide shelter in the winter without harming nature

B.

This refers to the careful interweaving of sticks and threads within a delicate mud and stone structure

C.

This is one of the most common forms of structure, involving two vertical elements (columns) and a horizontal element (a beam), it can be found at such diverses sites as Stonehenge and the Greek Temple

D.

This complex structure is a carefully interlaced yet standardized bracket system that transistions from the vertical element to the roof structure, it is deeply embedded in a ritual practice of craft that is maintained over centuries of practice in several building cultures

E.

This delicate arch demonstrates alternating white and red voisuers, and sits atop delicate columns. In many sites these arches are stacked on top of each other.

F.

This term refers to the idea of building tall using heavy arches, thick walls and massive columns. It means "after the manner of the romans." While identified with Christian chruches, it can also be found through the Islamic empire of the middle ages.

A.

The new ruler built a new city around a summer palace. Under the masterful designs of a hydrologist, ancient canals were widened and bridges were built. As a result the city was able to harvest trade and water from far away and increased its population rapidly. Although later conquered, this is still the capital of a vast territory.

B.

This place in a relatively arid and forbidding landscape became a center-place of ritual power, harvesting the resources from a vast territory around it. Its dwellings for elites over generations were transformed into sacred temples. This is is one of the few sites in history designed to track and celebrate both solar and lunar events. The system influenced architecture for hundreds of miles in ever direction.

C.

An example of imerial power through infrastructure. Despite being on a river, the engineer soldiers brough water down a constant slope through mountains and over valleys to allow this city to grow. Part of this system is now a World Heritage site. The growing citywas later endowed with all of the architecture of the Empire.

D.

One of the most influential architect's in history, he studied and restored the old roman baths, aqueducts and allowed the newly conquered city to grow rapidly. His tomb puts his water accomplishments higher than his temple building.

E.

This ancient civilization venerated water, was wealthy and had a vast trading system. Every city was built to manage water and floods. Although the language remains untranslated, we know it had a rigorous proportion system for bricks, roads, and measurement.

F. This secretive trading culture was able to survive deep in the desert through a massive system of underground and cliff-side hidden aquaducts and cisterns. Merchants illustrated their wealth with elaborate rock cut tombs.

G. This imperial site recreated sacred Hindu mountains and rivers centered on canals and barays within a giant gridded landscape powered by rice. It was one of the largest urban centers of the medieval world. It will eventually become buddhist as the empire grows.

H. This recently discovered ancient site relied on irrigation from a river to grow food and cotton with which it could trade for far away goods like fish, musical instruments and narcotics. It lived in peace for over a thousand years.

A.

This heavy yet portable structure is both a tension and compression architecture. It is gender divded and the roof rafters represent the infinite sky while the central pole represents the cosmic tree of the univrse.

B.

The building is to be read not just as a mountain, but as mountains of different scales, getting smaller and smaller at each level until it becomes a dot.

There are three temples, Mount Meru, Shiva the Destroyer and the pool where Vishnu creates the world

C.

Built with a new building technique from back to front, this pilgrimage church celebrates a girl who freed slaves and cured baldness. The back is more elaborate than the front. The architecture is largely unchanged because the Saint fell out of favor

D.

This temple illustrates the impossibility of using style to date a building. Built over a roman forum, its Romanesque nave is turned into an aisle of the Gothic church, whose altars on the otherside get a Baroque remodel that was never finished.

E.

This typology is the most austere and closely resembles the original caravanserai form of the Prohpets houes and first mosque. The Minaret is strictly for the call to prayer and in the center of the courtyard is water for ritual cleansing that is often housed in a form that resembles a Zoastrian Temple.

F.

This temple can only be in this place. Built over a sacred water place on the cardinal directions of other sacred water places, twice a year the god manifests itself on the stairs bringing the wind and rain behind it. Its steps and platform are also the days in a year.

G.

This temple is built over the ruins of a temple in the Byzantine manner with a richly adorned dome representing heaven. It is built over a sacred mountain and rock, and remains a contested site in history.

H. This typology re-introduced the Byzantine typology with a dome representing heaven on clearly articlulated supports. Paid for by war and often built of spolia, each of these had its non-religious fucntions moved out of the mosque to pay for its upkeep. The site, detail and number of minarets was strictly governed by decorum. He used many different structural systems to support his domes

I. This is likely the only native americas architecture you heard of. However it is a post-contact architecture deployed by the Plains People. The word itself derives from a Lakota word for "home".

J. This mud architecture has its origins in a sacrifice and the mythic lizard's ability to cling to walls. Its masons are holy, and although recently restored, the annual plastering is an important ritual.

K. The last surving Umayyad temple of the region. The original mosque was built over the remains of a church with spolia supporting double-stacked Byzantine-influenced arches. Over centuries it was expanded to represent the spread of Islam. This mosque is unusual in that the hypostyle hall is wider on the quibla axis and possibly was saved when it was converted into a church.

L. This is a sacred act designed to replicated the Mother's spinning the world into existence. Despite being isolated from the world and without relying on science, their close observation and deeply thoughtful practice of seeing themselves as the stewards of the beating heart of the world, they have been warning us about our imminent destruction for decades.

M. This mosque is designed to re-orient the worshipper towards Mecca from the grid of the city. It is entered at the corners and has a vast courtyard. The courtyard has four half domes known as Iwans that are richly adorned with blue tile and scripture.

N. This is a misunderstood architecture. Although many but not all of them are round, they can be cut into the ground or built above a sacred site or water. They can be both domestic and sacred structures. You can exit through the roof representing rebirth or it can be open to the sky to track the sun, moon and stars. In some cases the number of them can represent the number of elite families.

O. The second iteration of this temple occupies a Roman sacred precinct. It encompasses an early Christian temple and is richly adorned by local craftsman. It has a basilica form with double-stacked arches and is the oldest mosque in the world.

P. This fragile circular enclosure around a sacred space is both the dwelling place and sacred space of the ednangered Yanomani

Mamluk

A.

Financing worship of Islam through conquest

B.

While this is the origin of the Western church, this first a way to subdivide a vast empire into more efficient taxable regions. The creator of this remade himself into a God and persecuted all who stood against the Roman religious system

C.

Hinduism and Vishnu as King, powered by the infrastructure of rice and water. Later a vast Buddhist kingdom that perhaps collapsed as result of endless war.

D.

Oracle bone rituals and sacrifices to divine weather, and the fortunes of crops, royalty and war.

E.

The Cult Leader as Emperor who began the transformation the architecture of Roman Justice into a celebration of Christ as King

F.

Sun Goddess and the cycle of rebirth

G.

Sun, Food and Sacred Landscapes through infrastructure and conquest

H. The rainbow serpent who created the world in the Dream Time. Musicians and artists are holy

I. The Gods of Corn are born out of the back of Turtle, and the bird-sky god stands atop the world tree with roots in the primordial ocean

J. Recreating a burial mound with his life story from desire to learning to enlightenment

K. Known by their Mexica name for rubber people. This vast culture not only created corn and the three sisters agricultural system that sustained this region for thousands of years. In addition, they invented the ball ritual and a mystical jaguar cult that would be foundational to everything that comes after

L. This is a culture of warrior slaves. When they rose to power they created vast funerary monuments with tombs, mosques and schools oriented within the urban from

M. Borrowed Gods and the importance of blood sacrifice