HispanicsSOC310-Demographics.pptxHispanics and Latin Americans in America
Population Statistics
Statistics
In 2014, There were 55 million Hispanics and Latinos here in the US.
Hispanics and Latinos made up 17% of the US population.
This makes them the largest ethnic/racial minority today.
From 2013 to 2014, there was a 2.1% increase in the Hispanic and Latino population in the US.
In 2014, 55% of the Hispanic and Latino population lived in Texas, Florida, and California.
More Statistics
By 2060, the Hispanic and Latino population is projected to be 119 million.
This will be 28.6% of the US population.
Federal Incarceration Statistics
In 2007, 40% of the Federal prison system was comprised of Hispanic and Latinos.
Of the 40%, 29% are non-citizens and 11% are US-citizens
24% of these offenders were put behind bars due to immigration offenses
Of the Hispanic/Latino Federal prison population, 72% are not US-Citizens
Non-US Citizen Hispanic/Latinos received shorter sentences than Hispanics and Latinos that had US Citizenship in 2007.
Non-US Citizens Latinos: 40 months
US Citizens Latinos: 61 months
Incarceration Statistics
In 2007, Hispanics and Latinos made up 19% of the State prisons population.
36% were White
39% were Black
In 2007, 16% of the local jails were comprised of Hispanics and Latinos
43% were White
39% were Black
Non-US Citizen Hispanic/Latinos received shorter sentences than Hispanics and Latinos that had US Citizenship in 2007.
Non-US Citizens Latinos: 40 months
US Citizens Latinos: 61 months
Gender/Age
Gender/Age Statistics
Hispanic and Latino males make up approximately 50.5% of their presence here in the US.
Almost 50% between the males and females.
The median age for Hispanics and Latinos in the US is 27 years old.
This makes them the youngest major racial/ethnic minority.
Gender/Age Statistics
Important to note: There is a significant difference between the median age for foreign-born and US born Hispanic/Latinos.
Median age for US born: 18 years old
Median age for foreign-born: 40 years
2 out of 3 Hispanics/Latinos in America are native born.
Goes against the preconceived notion that Hispanics and Latinos are predominantly an immigrant racial and ethnic group.
Gender/Age Statistics
Employment/Unemployment Data
Hispanics make up 14.9 % of U.S. labor force
Greater percent of labor force that any other minority group
Employment/Unemployment Data
In 2013, 67 percent of the hispanic population was in the civilian labor force
Immigrants for the first time in 2 decades do not account for the majority of Hispanic workers in the United States (2013)
49.7 % of 22 million employed Latinos were immigrants
Employment/Unemployment Data
U.S. born Latinos receive more jobs following Great Recession of 2007-09 than Immigrant Latinos
Unemployment of all Hispanics increases dramatically following the recession of 2007
Although in 2013, unemployment has fallen from 12.7 to 8.8, still not as low as prior to recession (5.9%)
General trend is that foreign-born Hispanics have lower unemployment rate across 2007-2013
Employment/Unemployment Data
Hispanics general trends
Greater unemployment than Whites
Less unemployment than African Americans
Employment/Unemployment Data
Hispanics that are native born tend to have greater unemployment when they receive less than a high school diploma
Comparable at greater education
Economic Outlooks
Median income for Hispanics $40,963
Hispanics - 46% owner-occupied
Whites - 72% owner-occupied
African Americans - 43% owner-occupied
Asians - 58% owner-occupied
Economic Outlooks
29% of Latinos did not have health insurance.
49% of foreign-born Hispanics lacked insurance
18% of native-born Hispanics lacked insurance
Poverty
Latinos - 26.6%
Blacks - 27.4%
Whites - 9.9%
Asians - 12.1%
Historical Representativeness
1800’s
1820: Independent Mexican Republic
1835: Texas Revolution
1846: Mexican American War
1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1849: California Gold Rush
1850s to 1900: Anti-Mexican American Violence
-The lynching of Mexicans and Mexican US-Americans in the Southwest has long been overlooked in American history
-Between 1848 to 1879, Mexicans were lynched at an unprecedented rate of 473 per 100,000 of population
Government promised protection to new Mexican American citizens, but this did not happen.
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1900-1950
1910: Mexican Revolution
1911-1920: Large wave of Mexican immigration
1921- Emergency Immigration Act of 1921
1924: US Border Patrol established.
1930: Great Depression
1943: Bracero Program
-Del Rio Border Patrol in 1925.
-Limits on the number of immigrants allowed in the United States are imposed for the first time in the country's history.
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1950-2000
1954: Hernandez vs. Texas
1960-1980: Chicano movement
Mass walkouts by high school students in LA (1968)
United Farm Workers engage in 5 year strike aimed at grape growers (1973)
1986: Immigration and Reform Act
-In the case Hernandez v. The State of Texas, the Supreme Court recognizes that Latinos are suffering inequality and profound discrimination, paving the way for Hispanic Americans to use legal means to fight for their equality. This is the first Supreme Court case briefed and argued by Mexican American attorneys
1968- they did this to raise awareness about discrimination in schools and unequal educational opportunities.
1973- Cesar Chavez banned together all Mexican americans working on farms and started a boycott. They were fighting for better benefits and wages for Mexican American workers. He was main leader of the Chicano movement.
1994- led to high rates of unemployment in Mexico. This event cause an increase in Mexican migration to the US.
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2000s
2003: Pronounced largest minority group
2004: Congressional Hispanic Leadership Institute founded
2008: Arizona anti-immigration law SB-1070
2013: 1/6th of the population
2004-CHLI programs strengthen the U.S. Hispanic community by promoting the advancement of Hispanics in all sectors of the U.S. and global economy.
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Education
Mendez v. Westminster- 1947
US Courts of Appeals ruled that segregation of Mexican American children from the public schools system in California was unconstitutional and violated the 14th Amendment.
This paved the way for the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954.
Although around 66% of Hispanic students graduate high school, only a quarter of those students go on to obtain a bachelor's degree or higher.
Educational Attainment
Dropout Rates Over time
Hispanic high school dropout rates have reached an all time low.
Although dropout rates for all groups have decreased over time, Hispanic students account for nearly 50% of all dropouts.
Hispanic Secondary Education
Of Hispanic students that attend college, close to 50% attend 2 year schools.
This can explain low rates of hispanic individuals with a bachelor's degree or higher.
Marital Status
Marital Status Stats
61.6% - The percentage of Hispanic family households that were married-couple households in 2014. For the total population in the U.S., it was 73.3%.
56.7% - The percentage of Hispanic married-couple households that had children younger than 18 present in 2014, whereas for the nation it was 40.1%.
46.0% - Percentage of Hispanic married couples with children under 18 where both spouses were employed in 2014, whereas nationwide it was 59.7%.
Marital Status Stats: What can be taken away?
Less marriages in hispanic family households.
More hispanic families with children under 18 than the national average.
Less employment amongst hispanic families with children under 18 than the national average.
Mainstream Orientation Status
The Organization of Mainstream Orientation
Citizenship Status
Native Language Use
Stable Family Household
Upstanding Citizen
Contribute to the Country’s Work Force
Citizenship Status
After four decades of rapid growth, the number of Latino immigrants in the U.S. reached a record 18.8 million in 2010, but has since stalled.
Today about as many people from Mexico are leaving the U.S. as entering
Citizenship Status
Citizenship Status
Native Language Use
The share of Latinos who speak English proficiently is growing, the share that speaks Spanish at home has been declining over the last 13 years.
This shift coincides with the rise of U.S. born Hispanics as a share of the nation’s Hispanic population and the slowdown in immigration
More than half of Latino adults who are English speakers say they can speak both languages very well
The ability to speak English helps with the ability to gain education
Native Language Use
Stable Family Household
Family includes immediate and extended families and community members
Maintain strong bonds and frequent interaction among a wide range of kin
They visit one another frequently
Grandparents, parents, and children may live in the same household or nearby
Generally, hispanic children learn to show respect for authority, the patriarchal family structure, and extended family members
Household is centered around the Catholic faith
Stable Family Household
Stable Family Household
Between 2000 and 2012, the percentage of Hispanics ages 18 and older who have never married increased from 29% to 37%.
Meanwhile, the percentage that is currently married has declined from 55% to 46%.
The share of Hispanics living in households led by married couples has also declined since 2000, from 65% to 57%.
The percentage of Hispanic-headed family households with five or more people has declined since 2000, falling from 31% to 26% in 2012.
There has been an increase in two-person households, from 24% in 2000 to 28% in 2012.
Stable Family Household
Upstanding Citizen
For the most part, Hispanics and Latinos are a well behaved group in American society. This can be attributed to their sense of family and religion.
Although they maintain a well behaved pattern in society, they also represent the biggest group of gang members
Latinos also have the second highest incarceration rate in the U.S.
72% of the Latino offenders were not U.S. citizens
For Hispanics sentenced to federal courts
48% were immigration offenses and 37% were drug offenses
Upstanding Citizen
Contribution to the Country’s Work Force
Immigrants no longer account for the majority of Hispanic workers in the U.S.
This is also attributed to the decreased inflow of Hispanic Immigrants
Jobs growth for Hispanics is just keeping pace with the growth in their working-age population
Unemployment rates for both U.S. born and immigrant Latinos is also decreasing since the recession
Contribution to the Country’s Work Force
Contribution to the Country’s Work Force
Most of the job growth in the recovery for Hispanics has come from industries in which they are traditionally concentrated.
About half of Hispanic workers are employed in just four industries
Construction
Eating, drinking and lodging service
Wholesale and retail trade
Professional and other business service
Priorities
Sources Used
http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/20/us/hispanics-in-the-u-s-/
http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/06/25/u-s-hispanic-population-growth-surge-cools/
https://www.census.gov/newsroom/facts-for-features/2015/cb15-ff18.html
http://www.lifeintheusa.com/people/hispanic.htm
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/stephen-balkaran/hispanic-heritage-month-b_b_5848568.html
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/hhmcensus1.html
http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/05/26/5-facts-about-latinos-and-education/
http://www.pewhispanic.org/topics/
http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/09/16/11-facts-for-national-hispanic-heritage-month/
https://www.youtube.com/v/1syqkd1uf8w?start=10&end=18
http://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2012/hispanic_heritage/
