history

profilelulu1
HI310Lesson12.pptx

Imperialism and the Civilizing Mission

Rudyard Kipling, The White Man’s Burden, 1899 (excerpts)

Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.

Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.

Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to naught. […]

Take up the White Man's burden-- And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard-- The cry of hosts ye humor (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-- "Why brought he us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night?“ […]

Imperialism

Imperialism: the process whereby one state with superior military strength and more advanced technology imposes its control over the land, resources, and population of a less developed region

By the end of the 19th century, Europeans dominated African and Asian lands and populations

Imperialism

Imperialism: the process whereby one state with superior military strength and more advanced technology imposes its control over the land, resources, and population of a less developed region

By the end of the 19th century, Europeans dominated African and Asian lands and populations

Scramble for Africa: during the 1880s, the European powers divided up the African continent

German map of Africa, 1850

German map of Africa, 1900

British map of Africa, 1890

The factors facilitating Imperialism

Nationalism

The factors facilitating Imperialism

Nationalism

Show national greatness

Strategic advantage

Rivalries

The factors facilitating Imperialism

Nationalism

Show national greatness

Strategic advantage

Rivalries

Industrialization

The factors facilitating Imperialism

Nationalism

Show national greatness

Strategic advantage

Rivalries

Industrialization

Desire for raw materials and new markets

Generated enormous resources

Peace within Europe

Developments in weaponry and transportation

The factors facilitating Imperialism

Nationalism

Show national greatness

Strategic advantage

Rivalries

Industrialization

Desire for raw materials and new markets

Generated enormous resources

Peace within Europe

Developments in weaponry and transportation

Belief in European cultural superiority

Pseudo-science

Social-Darwinists

Racist stereotypes

Imperialism and European Culture

Civilizing mission

Bringing the benefits of civilization to the colonies

According to Ferry…

Why did the Europeans need colonies? What were the economic reasons? National reasons?

What was the relationship between Europeans and non-Europeans?

What justified imperialism?

Imperialism and European Culture

Civilizing mission

Bringing the benefits of civilization to the colonies

Spreading Christianity

Thomas Jones Barker, The Secret of England’s Greatness (Queen Victoria presenting a Bible), 1863

Imperialism in European culture

Civilizing mission

Bringing the benefits of civilization to the colonies

Spreading Christianity

Empire as part of national identity

Books for schoolchildren

William Strang, Rudyard Kipling, 1900

Imperialism in European culture

Civilizing mission

Bringing the benefits of civilization to the colonies

Spreading Christianity

Empire as part of national identity

Books for schoolchildren

Advertising

Adds for Banania, 1915, 1936, and today

Imperialism in European culture

Civilizing mission

Bringing the benefits of civilization to the colonies

Spreading Christianity

Empire as part of national identity

Books for schoolchildren

Advertising

Colonial Exhibitions

Advertisements for colonial exhibitions

Colonial Exhibition of Marseille, 1922: A Moroccan street

Colonial Exhibition of Paris, 1931: the Temple of Angkor

Impact of Imperialism

Direct conquest and control of territory

Impact of Imperialism

Direct conquest and control of territory

Plunder economies: exploiting the local resources and population for European benefit

The Cataracts Railway near Matadi, 1905

Impact of Imperialism

Direct conquest and control of territory

Plunder economies: exploiting the local resources and population for European benefit

Steamers and Docks at Leopoldville

Impact of Imperialism

Direct conquest and control of territory

Plunder economies: exploiting the local resources and population for European benefit

Brutality and violence: the Belgian Congo

The Force publique at Stanleyville

Impact of Imperialism

Direct conquest and control of territory

Plunder economies: exploiting the local resources and population for European benefit

Brutality and violence: the Belgian Congo

Mutilated People from the Belgian Congo, c. 1900-1905

Critiques of Imperialism

Local leaders

Missionaries

Marxists