Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft

Research Critique

Name: Heydis Ferrer

Grand Canyon University

Course: NRS-433V

Date: 03/21/2021

With a formal paper, you need to be sure to start a paper with an introduction. The introduction is how you describe the practice problem

Background Comment by Tamyra Hoff: You should not include the entire reference in the body of the paper. The reference goes in the reference list.

Article one: Anderson, D. J., Yates, P., McCarthy, A., Lang, C. P., Hargraves, M., McCarthy, N., & PORTER‐STEELE, J. (2011). Younger and older women's concerns about menopause after breast cancer. European journal of cancer care, 20(6), 785-794.

According to Anderson et al., (2011) in article one, various breast cancer treatments result in menopause. The author explores women’s beliefs and perceptions concerning menopausal signs and their management after breast cancer. Additionally, the study purposed to relate older and younger women’s familiarities. The research had a role in answering the question concerning the older and younger females’ worries about menopause following breast cancer. The study’s objectives were to describe and identify females’ menopausal symptoms experiences after breast cancer treatment to relate older and younger females’ involvement and recognize how symptoms affect them. The central theme to arise from the research was the significance of enabling females to deal with menopausal symptoms, significant in nursing. Comment by Tamyra Hoff: The reference does not belong in the body of the paper.

Article two: Nappi, R. E., & Kokot-Kierepa, M. (2010). Women's voices in the menopause: results from an international survey on vaginal atrophy. Maturitas, 67(3), 233-238.

On the other hand, Nappi & Kokot-Kierepa (2010) in the second article discusses vaginal atrophy, which affects women after menopause. The study’s objective was to reflect matters connecting to vaginal atrophy through a universal survey. The research intended to answer the question concerning women’s expressions in menopause. The study purposed to consider the issues relating to vaginal atrophy. You did not really address the elements of the background for either article. To earn full points you need to describe the background by the research problem, the significance to nursing, the purpose of the research, the objective and the research question and this is for both articles.

How the articles support the nurse practice issue

The qualitative methodology applied in the first article’s research will enhance an in‐depth assessment of women's anxieties, perceived needs, and perceptions concerning menopause, especially the effect of newer women’s breast cancer treatment experiences. Additionally, the interview in the second article’s study will help to identify menopausal women experiencing clinical manifestations such as vaginal atrophy and their attitudes towards the illness.

Interventions that aim at self‐management approaches relative to the modern evidence to empower women to control their menopausal indicators and their fitness necessities related with menopause following breast cancer can back women’s understanding of breast cancer. Additionally, MonaLisa Touch therapy is significant for females suffering from estrogen decline and effectively removes and reduces vaginal atrophy symptoms. For instance, the touch can restore the overall vagina health and treat vaginal dryness. The future examination needs to address female data needs with breast cancer and vaginal atrophy on menopause and the timing of such facts. The interventions in both articles compare to the PICOT question’s intervention in that the self-management tactics, including therapy, help control clinical menopausal symptoms. Good discussion

Methods of study

In the first article, the research used focus groups to collect information in an audio-recorded technique. Later, the thematic analysis helped to analyze collected data. In the study, the small focus groups’ sample size enhanced the researcher’s in-depth knowledge of the context’s issue. However, the sample size does not allow a complete understanding of or saturation in menopausal matters for women who did not participate in the study. Again, participants in the research were volunteers who had visited private health facilities. Hence, the study may not symbolize females with breast cancer that visit community health facilities. Comment by Tamyra Hoff: Focus groups are with qualitative research not quantitative

On the other hand, the second article’s study used a structured questionnaire to perform interviews on women aged between 55-56 years. The 4246 participants came from Canada, Finland, United Kingdom, Sweden, and United States. Conducting a questionnaire was a viable option because it was a quick and easy means to collect results. However, some participants were uncomfortable conversing about vaginal atrophy, which led to ignorance and dishonesty. You provided a good discussion of the method for the second article. The first article seems to be a qualitative study

Results of study

During the first article’s study, most women described ability to sleep but rising up often in the night and were unable to fall asleep again. Though they experienced hot flashes, females below 40 years had no problem sleeping after treatment. Various women also spoke concerning the cumulative effects of menopausal symptoms and surgery influencing their readiness and confidence to engage in sexual actions. Additionally, females in the research described several signs linked to depression, memory impairment, and irritability. Participants attributed these signs to menopause or because of other menopausal indicators. For instance, younger women worry about job performance while mostly older women lack sleep. The physical discomfort and impaired cognition made women lose confidence in their work performances. Again, many women added weight following their breast cancer management. The females reported a observed absence of governance over weight gain because they could eat sweeter foods, found it difficult to exercise due to tiredness, and their appetites were challenging to control than previously. Moreover, most older women in the group stated that they lacked the knowledge to face menopause because of their breast cancer treatment. On the other hand, the younger women were aware that menopausal symptoms might arise from their treatment.

Article two found that menopausal women from different countries have differing needs. Overall, 98% of study participants were postmenopausal. Among the postmenopausal participants, 39% had experienced vaginal atrophy, and their symptoms’ attitudes varied between countries. Vaginal atrophy impacted the life quality according to a large proportion of women in various countries. The study also discovered that some women were unaware of existing local vaginal atrophy treatment. Women who had received vaginal atrophy treatment reported positive effects.

Women need additional information relative to their capacities of concern. For instance, women in the research would have necessitated additional data concerning sexual signs and hot flushes management. Hence, country-specific methods are necessary to improve vaginal atrophy uptake. Additionally, in the first article, participants reported a need for strategies and data to be split down and given in easier discrete stages. Some women were searching for breast cancer survivors and health specialists for notions on how to cope with their experiences. Therefore, executing plans that permit females to change their lives to handle fresh health worries after their cancer and vaginal atrophy management is necessary.  With quantitative research, the results should be reported using numbers. Were there any statistically significant results?

Outcomes comparison

Following my PICOT question, menopause has a characterization of marked hormonal fluctuations and irregular menstrual cycles. Women experience various symptoms such as vaginal dryness, insomnia, sleep disturbances, mood swings, and hot flashes. Moreover, bone loss and changes in lipids that have long-term health implications occur.

In the first article, after breast cancer treatment, some women in the research experienced hot flashes and sleep disturbances, which are menopausal symptoms. Additionally, vaginal atrophy has greater chances for urinary function problems and chronic vaginal infections such as vaginal inflammation and dryness in the second article. Good discussion.

You did a lot of work with this paper. You did not provide an introduction to this paper. An introduction is important to explain the topic of the paper. The background section was incomplete and did not address the elements needed from the rubric. To earn full points you need to address each of the elements for both articles. The method section was good, but you did not really describe the first article clearly. The results section did not include any numbers. With quantitative research you need to report the results using numbers.

References

Anderson, D. J., Yates, P., McCarthy, A., Lang, C. P., Hargraves, M., McCarthy, N., & PORTER‐STEELE, J. (2011). Younger and older women's concerns about menopause after breast cancer. European journal of cancer care, 20(6), 785-794.

Nappi, R. E., & Kokot-Kierepa, M. (2010). Women's voices in the menopause: results from an international survey on vaginal atrophy. Maturitas, 67(3), 233-238.