Discussion post replies

Instructions: The response is a substantive interaction that builds on the ideas of others, delving deeper into the discussion question and course content in response to a colleague. The response includes one reference from a professional peer-reviewed scholarly journal. Response should at least be a paragraph long.

Topic for response:

· Describe factors that influence the development of prevention-oriented health policy.

· Discuss how the advanced practice nurse can promote health and prevent disease on a national and global level

Reply to Lina

Innovation is an essential influencer of developing an effective prevention-oriented health policy (Abimbola et al., 2019). As most people agree, a new diagnostic technique, vaccine, or treatment can facilitate previously unattainable prevention health policy. For instance, smallpox was eliminated through continuous introduction and execution of innovations, including new ways to identify smallpox cases and new ways to vaccinate. 

Knowledge influences policy initiation by catalyzing new debates and creating a new awareness of new opportunities such as disease prevention strategies. Equally important, political and economic contexts influence the development of prevention-oriented health policies (Taylor, Cave, & Pyper, 2017). For instance, if the government prioritizes preventive healthcare, it will support introducing new vaccine manufacture, distribution, and use policies such as compulsory vaccination to prevent the spread of a virus.           

At the national level, advanced practice nurses (APNs) can assist in the assessment of patients, community health care needs. They can also engage with main stakeholders such as physicians and other healthcare providers, patients, and administrators in health care delivery. They can also prevent inappropriate and costly staff mix and inappropriate hospitalization. Addressing some of these areas can promote health at the national level.          

APN can partner with international multidisciplinary health care providers to develop and deliver quality care at the international level. Such partnerships might include long-term work assignments and medical brigades of different lengths to enhance access to sustainable healthcare (Rosa et al., 2020). Also, ARPs can volunteer on short-term or long-term undertakings outside their countries. Emerging healthcare needs such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and Ebola have increased the need for global partners, including emergency medical relief working together. 

References

Abimbola, S., Patel, B., Peiris, D., Patel, A., Harris, M., Usherwood, T., & Greenhalgh, T. (2019). The NASSS framework for ex post theorisation of technology-supported change in healthcare: Worked example of the torpedo programme. BMC Medicine, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1463-x (Links to an external site.)

Rosa, W., Fitzgerald, M., Davis, S., Farley, J., Khanyola, J., Kwong, J., Moreland, P., Rogers, M., Sibanda, B., & Turale, S. (2020). Leveraging nurse practitioner capacities to achieve global health for all: COVID‐19 and beyond. International Nursing Review, 67(4), 554-559. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12632

Reply to Kyle

The development of preventative medicine is a complex process, that involves many years of research and trial and error. In order to have a preventative policy in place for a disease, it must be undoubtedly understood. For instance, until sufficient research has been conducted to understand the causes of a disease, it is impossible to implement a policy to prevent acquiring it. Evidence-based research is conducted to surmise theories on how certain diseases are acquired, which can be used to prevent and treat many diseases (Claussnitzer et al., 2020). Further, Claussnitzer et al. (2020) detail how valuable genetic discoveries have been in current understanding of how many common diseases are developed, and even driven preventative and therapeutic strategies. Current research is heavily aided by the use of technology and current technologic interventions that make conducting such genetic research even possible (Claussnitzer et al., 2020).

An interprofessional collaborative approach and multi-role integration will greatly expand the reach of preventative healthcare, as every team member can be valuable. The advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) are able to contribute to health prevention programs by implementing care plans, perform physical exams, and carry out health histories of patients and families. The integration of APRNs can increase patient satisfaction and improve outcomes by increasing access to care and providing healthcare services at a reduced cost. (Fowler et al., 2020). However, the impact of APRNS on preventative medicine is still being researched. Though an exact role may not be assigned, interprofessional approaches comprised of different professional disciplines will be key in improving healthcare delivery in following years, with an emphasis on prevention and improved outcomes, at lower costs (Fowler et al., 2020).

 

References

Claussnitzer, M., Cho, J. H., Collins, R., Cox, N. J., Dermitzakis, E. T., Hurles, M. E., Kathiresan, S., Kenny, E. E., Lindgren, C. M., MacArthur, D. G., North, K. N., Plon, S. E., Rehm, H. L., Risch, N., Rotimi, C. N., Shendure, J., Soranzo, N., & McCarthy, M. I. (2020) A brief history of human disease genetics. Nature, 577, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1879-7 (Links to an external site.)

Fowler, T., Garr, D, Mager, N. P., & Stanley, J. (2020). Enhancing primary care and preventive services through Interprofessional practice and education. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 9, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-020-00371-8 (Links to an external site.)  

Reply to Diana T-H

Various factors influence the development of prevention-oriented health policy. These factors include national planning, multifactorial interventions, reliable and relevant data on the target population, and socio-economic factors. These factors influence and interact with each other in various ways, making the development of healthcare policies possible. These policies can be successfully developed if they reflect in the national planning since the government funds the health prevention strategies used. Therefore, national planning is a key factor to be considered when developing these policies. Multifactorial interventions that are inputted at the local and national levels are essential during the formulation process sine they affect an individual’s behavior (Juma et al., 2018). These factors include economic, social, environmental, and individual factors.

Socio-economic factors are major determinants of health within the communities. Therefore, healthcare policies that are focused on prevention need to be formulated considering the socio-economic factors. These factors significantly affect morbidity and mortality, which ranges from the acquisition of diseases and health-related behaviors. Certain diseases are common among people of certain economic statuses. Poor people do not have access to good nutrition, housing, education, and psychological effects. Political factors have a significant effect on the formulation of policies since the government policies affect the levels of socio-economic and poverty levels in the communities (Pimpin et al., 2018). Studies show that poor people do not afford foods that are rich in protective nutrients.

There are different ways in which advanced practice nurse practitioners promote health at global and national levels, including assessing populations, communities, and individuals to identify various health conditions that affect these people. Nurses can also advocate for equality and justice for access to healthcare services. Advanced practice nurses can also partner with various organizations to plan, implement, and evaluate strength-based approaches to address the problems experienced within the community (Fencl & Matthews, 2017). These strategies include health education on various health conditions and encouraging patients to receive preventive services, including screening, counseling, and taking preventive measures such as medication and procedures.

 

References

Fencl, J. L., & Matthews, C. (2017). Translating Evidence Into Practice: How Advanced Practice RNs Can Guide Nurses in Challenging Established Practice to Arrive at Best Practice. AORN journal, 106(5), 378–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2017.09.002

Juma, P. A., Mapa-Tassou, C., Mohamed, S. F., Mwagomba, B. L. M., Ndinda, C., Oluwasanu, M., ... & Kyobutungi, C. (2018). Multi-sectoral action in non-communicable disease prevention policy development in five African countries. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-11.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5826-6

Pimpin, L., Cortez-Pinto, H., Negro, F., Corbould, E., Lazarus, J. V., Webber, L., Sheron, N., & EASL HEPAHEALTH Steering Committee (2018). Burden of liver disease in Europe: Epidemiology and analysis of risk factors to identify prevention policies. Journal of hepatology, 69(3), 718–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.