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Health Promotion: The Older Adult
Benjamin Leon School of Nursing, Miami Dade College
NUR3069: Advanced Health Assessment
Professor Espinosa
December 2, 2021
1
Assessing the Older Adult
Asses learning capacity and/ or signs of dementia
Perform and interpret a cognitive assessment in older adult for whom there are concerns regarding memory or functions.
Perform medication reconciliation
Assess and describe baseline and current functional abilities- strength and balance may be affected
Consider any physical limitations such as impaired hearing while teaching, confirm patient can hear or has adequate hearing aids
Assess any visual limitations, perform eye exams once a year and assess necessity of glasses.
Determine the patients learning style; visual, auditory, reading and writing, and kinesthetic
Barriers for performing self-care consist of misconceptions, lack of knowledge, age, race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status which affects overall treatment and compliance of the patient
Older Adult Findings
Problems:
Cognitive impairment
Falls
Low body mass
Dizziness
Impaired vision
Hearing presents numerous responsibilities.
Incontinence
Mnemonic DDRIPP: Delirium, Drug side effects, Retentions of feces, Restricted mobility, Infection of urine Inflammation, Polyurea Psychogenic.
Needs:
To understand and organize family meeting and community supports.
Caregiver support / advanced directives
To continue a healthy and safety lifestyle
Evidence based practice has shown to promote modified lifestyle choices like nutrition, strength training exercise to avoid any delay of the psychological reserves and the onset of frailty
One in three older adults falls each year and do not report to the health care provider. Falls are the most common cause of traumatic brain injuries in older adults and cause 90% of hip fractures (Szilagyi &Hoffman, 2021).
Outcome Identification
Teaching Objectives:
Help those with dementia remain active, and independent
Promote physical activity programs to reduce the risk of dementia, and arthritis pain
Increase and teach how to use other clinical preventive services like blood pressure checks.
Increase the number of people who speak to a health care provider about their worsening memory.
Provide CDC-recognized lifestyle change programs to Medicare beneficiaries through the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Move Your Body – Encourage exercise because most adults stop exercising as they get older.
Engage Your Mind – The best way to keep a sharp mind is to keep your mind engaged, while interacting with others on an intellectual level.
Get Things Ready – Living will, Power of Attorney, dedicated Beneficiaries for any financial policies or accounts.
Age brings a higher risk of chronic diseases such as dementias, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and cancer. These are the nation’s leading drivers of illness, disability, deaths, and health care costs (Care cottages, 2017).
Health Promotion and Activities
Be active: Physical activity, such as walking, bicycling, and swimming, decreases arthritis pain and improves function, mood, and quality of life.
Better physical function reduces the risk of falls and fall-related injuries and helps older adults stay independent.
Schedule annual physicals: Conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can go undetected. Regular physical examinations will enable your doctor to diagnose any problems early.
Eat a healthy diet: Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean meats give the immune system a boost and protect against harmful viruses and bacteria that causes illnesses.
Take supplements as necessary: Some supplements doctors may recommend include calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12.
Before taking a supplement, always ask your doctor if it’s safe.
Wash your hands frequently: wash your hands with warm soapy water often. Avoid touching your nose, face, and mouth with your hands.
Get Plenty of Rest: Sleep helps improve memory and concentration.
Conclusion
Health promotion programs for the older adult have to take in account limitations in their health and daily activities and require more individualized approaches.
Health promotion strategies for the older adult should maintain and increase functional capacity, maintain or improve self-care and stimulate their social network.
References
Bickley, L. S., Szilagyi, P. G., Hoffman, R. M., & Soriano, R. P. (2021). Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and history taking (13th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Care cottages. (2017, January 6). 3 SMART GOALS FOR AGING ADULTS IN 2017. Unlimited Care Cottages. https://www.unlimitedcarecottages.com/blog/senior-living/goals-for-aging-adults/.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, September 21). Promoting health for older adults. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/factsheets/promoting-health-for-older-adults.htm.
Golinowska, S., Groot, W., Baji, P., & Pavlova, M. (2016). Health promotion targeting older people. BMC health services research, 16 Suppl 5(Suppl 5), 345. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1514-3
