2 Page Sociological Film Analysis
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Healey8e_PPT_14.pptx
Chapter 14
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Minority Groups and U.S. Society: Themes, Patterns, and the Future
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Kim Park
Shirley Umphlett
Mary Ann O’Brien
George Snyder
Hector Gonzalez
William Buford III
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Six Americans Revisited
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Dominant-minority relations shaped by social, political, and economic forces that change as these characteristics change
Agrarian society--Paternalistic relations
African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans
Industrial society--Rigid competitive relations
White ethnics and Asian Americans
Postindustrial society--Fluid competitive relations
Recent immigration
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
The Importance of Subsistence Technology
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Postindustrial society unlikely to offer many opportunities for people with lower education and skills
Upgraded urban educational systems, job training programs, and other community development programs are necessary to stay competitive
Inaction will keep many mired in competition with immigrants for jobs in secondary labor market or crime
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
The Importance of Subsistence Technology
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Relevance of ethnocentrism largely limited to actual contact situation
Group competition--or even the threat of competition--increases prejudice and leads to greater discrimination and repression
Superior power of the dominant group helps it sustain the inferior position of the minority group
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
The Importance of the Contact Situation, Group Competition, and Power
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Group competition and differences in power resources will continue to shape intergroup and intragroup relations
Jobs are primary objects of competition
Debates about crime and the criminal justice system
Welfare reform
National health care policy
School busing
Immigration policy
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
The Importance of the Contact Situation, Group Competition, and Power
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Membership in a group does not uniformly define a person; other factors must be considered including but not limited to
Age
Sex
Geography
Political ideology
Individuality
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
The Importance of Intersectionality
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Minority group members vary from each other on many variables
The experience of a college-educated, fourth-generation, native-born Chinese American female may bare little resemblance to the experience of an illegal Chinese male immigrant with less than a high school education
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Diversity Within Minority Groups
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Minority group females are doubly oppressed and disempowered
Solving the problems faced by minority groups will not resolve the problems faced by minority women and neither will resolve the problems of gender inequality alone
Articulating and addressing these difficulties requires the recognition of the complex interactions between gender and minority group status
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Diversity Within Minority Groups
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The idea that assimilation is a linear, inevitable process has little support
Also without support is the notion that there is always a simple, ordered relationship between the various stages of assimilation
Desirability of assimilation has been subject to debate
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Assimilation and Pluralism
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African Americans are highly acculturated, yet present a mixed picture in terms of integration
American Indians are less acculturated and remain the most isolated and impoverished minority group in the United States
Hispanics are generally less acculturated, yet integration is highly variable by Latino ethnic groups
Extent of assimilation among Asian Americans is highly variable
Only European Americans seem to approximate the traditional model of assimilation, yet total assimilation is far from accomplished
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Assimilation and Pluralism
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Group membership continues to be important because it continues to be linked to fundamental patterns of inclusion, exclusion, and inequality
In other ways, ethnicity can be a positive force and remains an important aspect of self-identity and pride for many Americans from every group and tradition
It seems unlikely that this sense of a personal link group heritage will soon fade
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Assimilation and Pluralism
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As U.S. society attempts to deal with new immigrants and unresolved minority grievances, we should recognize that it is not diversity per se that threatens stability but the realities of split labor markets, racial and ethnic stratification, urban poverty, and institutionalized discrimination
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Assimilation and Pluralism
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The United States has become more tolerant and open, yet negative intergroup feelings and stereotypes have changed form
Modern or symbolic racism
Most serious problems for minority groups are structural/institutional, and not individual/personal
Survival and success for all groups has had more to do with group processes than with individual will or motivation
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Minority Group Progress and the Ideology of American Individualism
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This society owes its prosperity and position of prominence in the world no less to the land and labor of minority groups than to that of the dominant group
The answers of the past--the faith in assimilation and the belief that success in America is open to all who simply try hard enough:
Can be inadequate, even destructive and dangerous
There are still barriers to equality that must be addressed by the larger society
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
A Final Word
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In many ways, the patterns of dominant-minority relations have already been reproduced globally
The most Anglo industrialized nations of the Northern Hemisphere have continuously exploited the labor and resources of the most non-White, undeveloped nations of the Southern Hemisphere
The tensions and resentments we have observed in the U.S. society are mirrored in the global system of societies
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
A Final Word
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A society that finds a way to deal fairly and humanely with the problems of diversity and difference, prejudice, inequality, and discrimination can provide a sorely needed model for other nations
And as it is often said of Americans, they can do whatever they set their mind to do
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
A Final Word
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