Human Development

9/6/2018

1

Health and Wellness C H A P T E R 4

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4: Health and Wellness

Health Concerns

•Stress

•Obesity

•Accidents

•Substance Use

•Physical Disorders

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

9/6/2018

2

What are the Origins of Stress?

The Event:

Positive? Negative?  Neutral? 

Long‐term? Short‐term?

(Primary Appraisal)

Can I handle it? 

Evoke negative emotions? Uncontrollable or unpredictable? Ambiguous or confusing? Beyond my capabilities?

(Secondary Appraisal)

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

Stress-coping Approaches

How might we develop RESILIENCE?

Coping Strategy

Problem‐Centered Changing the situation

Emotion‐Centered Regulating emotions

Social Support Accessing help from others

Defensive Coping Avoidance, denial

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

9/6/2018

3

Hardiness & Resilience •Hardiness – personality characteristic – lower rate of stress-related illness

•Resilience -- ability to withstand, overcome and thrive after adversity

•Characteristics of resilient people • easy-going • good natured • good social and communication skills • independent

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

Nutrition & Obesity

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

9/6/2018

4

Obesity Across Lifespan

Obesity: weight greater than 20% for given height

Age Rate

Infancy Focus on nutrition rather than weight

Childhood 15% Obese

Adolescence 20% Overweight, 5% Obese

Adult 20 – 30% Obese

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

Malnutrition

Malnutrition: Improper amount and balance of nutrients, produces several results (organ and immune function, mental health and mood, skeletal and muscle function)

Factors: Developing countries

Poverty

Outcomes: Slower growth rate

Lower IQ score - chronic

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

9/6/2018

5

Why are preschool children accident-prone?

•High levels of physical activity

•Cognition characterized by lack of judgment

•Curiosity

•Environmental hazards  • (especially related to SES) 

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

Threats Across the Lifespan

Adolescents

Mental Health ◦ 15 – 20% of teens depressed, 35% receive treatment

Suicide ◦ Tripled from 1960s to 1990s – 3rd leading cause of death

Accidents ◦ Car accidents: 1/3 of all deaths

Substance Use ◦ Alcohol; Smoking; Prescription drugs; Over the Counter drugs; and Illegal drugs

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

9/6/2018

6

Threats Across the Lifespan Middle Adulthood

Chronic diseases begin to appear after 40

Arthritis Hypertension Diabetes

Older Adulthood

Physical Disorders (Heart Disease, Cancer)

Psychological and Mental Disorders (Dementia, Depression, Alzheimer’s disease)

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

Wellness Through Adulthood Is getting sick an inevitable part of aging?

Dependent on:

• Genetic predisposition

• Past and present environmental factors (including SES)

• Psychological factors

• Involvement in Activities, Social Network

Primary Aging vs. Secondary Aging

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

9/6/2018

7

What do you think is the foundation of wellness for people of all ages?

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

First foods…Decisions, decisions

Breast Feeding: American Academy of Pediatrics recommends 12 months of breast milk, solid foods starting at 6 months

Food Exposure: 12 to 13 times each

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

9/6/2018

8

Wellness Through Adolescence

•Proper nutrition

•Exercise and appropriate physical activity

•Mental Health Coping Strategies

•Sleep!

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

Wellness for College Students

•Sleep!  •Eat Real Food •Build Some Social Support •Get Some Exercise – “The Kind You’ll Do” •Engage in Meaningful Activity •“Manage Freedoms”

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4

9/6/2018

9

Wellness Through Adulthood •Nutrition and Exercise

•Meaningful Activity

•Engagement and Social Connection

Module 1 – Week 3– Ch.4