powerpoint 1 use outline below foe topic

Health Promotion Project for Diabetes Mellitus

I. Introduction

II. Diabetes Overview

A. Different types of Diabetes

B. Prevalence and effect of Diabetes

III. Demographics of clientele

A. Age of onset

B. Race disparity

IV. Health Promotion idea

A. Increase clinical screenings

B. Increase awareness in the elderly communities

C. Introducing lifestyle changes

V. Conclusion

Health Promotion Project for Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of chronic diseases that have different specific types. Glucose is a major source of energy for the body functions that operate muscles and tissues. Glucose is also the primary source of nourishment for the brain. Having too much glucose in the body is called hyperglycemia and having too little glucose is called hypoglycemia. Both of these conditions are equally dangerous to the body and create serious health problems, including death.

There are a few categories of diabetes "characterized by the presence of chronic hypoglycemia either immune-mediate (Type 1 diabetes), insulin resistant (Type 2), gestational, or others (environment, genetic defects, infectious, and certain drugs)" (Baynes, 2015). Common symptoms of elevated blood sugar are excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, visual difficulty, numbness of limbs, difficulty healing wounds, increased hunger, and fatigue. The two most common types of diabetes are Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes, also referred to as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes occurs when an individual's body stops making the hormone insulin which disrupts the body's process of utilizing glucose to create energy.

Although known as juvenile diabetes, this type of diabetes does not restrict itself to children and young adults. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes receive insulin hormone replacement injections to replace the missing or delinquent hormone. Type 2 diabetes also referred to as non-insulin independent diabetes occurs when an individual's body fails to produce sufficient amounts of insulin or has difficulty containing insulin. Contributors to Type 2 diabetes are genetics, obesity, and age although in recent years younger people are being diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes emulates the characteristics of Type 2 diabetes but usually dissipates post-delivery. Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes are more likely to develop the disease later in life (LifeStyle Medical Center, 2015).

There are several factors that contribute to diabetes, some of which are social status, economic level, and biological predisposition. According to Golden, S. H., et. al (2012) states, that “health disparities in diabetes and its complication and comorbidities exist world-wide and it is well-documented that race/ethnic minorities have a higher prevalence of diabetes than non-minority individuals”. According to Diabetes.org (2017) explains, that “the youth counts for about 193,000 Americans under the age of 20 that has been diagnosed as having diabetes, which is approximately 0.24% of that population.”

However, diabetes is an important global public health burden. Non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Asian Americans have similar prevalence rates of 7.1% and 8.4%, respectively, where Non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and Hispanic Americans overall have higher prevalence rates of 11.8% and 12.6% respectively (Spanakis & Golden, 2014). Additionally, regarding prevalence 25.2% of United States, aged population (65 and above) have diabetes as per the records in 2015. New cases of diabetes are also being recorded annually, and they have been estimated to be 1.5 million annually. Diabetes has also been among the major killers in the United States and has been ranked as the 7th top most killer within the country.

Documented secondary illnesses that frequently occur as a result of diabetes include blindness, periodontitis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage and death. Due to the seriousness of diabetes and the subsequent likely comorbidities associated, we have developed a promotion program. The program developed in this case will be focused on those persons who are at risk of becoming diabetic. The program is more of a preventive program rather than curative as it establishes several ways of preventing this condition from becoming worse when noted from an early period of time. The health promotion program is thus a five-year agreement between the persons who are a risk of developing this conditions and the program initiators.

The program will direct its focus toward increasing awareness about the ways the elderly can identify the symptoms that may be warning signs off diabetes onset. The program will play a key role in increasing clinician screening, detection, and referrals of the elderly persons who are at risk of developing diabetes to the different health organizations in their area that accept their type of insurance coverage. The promotion program will also involve the enrollment of the older adults in lifestyle changing programs. Proper diet, nutrition and exercise are key elements towards preventing diabetes from becoming chronic, after onset. This agenda will also aim at continuously increasing participants and retaining them within the lifestyle changing program in order to cover a large number of the population who may be at risk (Chung, 2014).

Awareness is of paramount importance because it creates a sense of urgency about the disease and the actions that can be taken to prevent the condition from becoming chronic. The program would thus be effective in the reduction of diabetes cases and their severity among the elderly persons (Van, 2003).

Diabetes has no cure but can be successfully managed by regularly monitoring glucose levels, maintaining a healthy diet and consistent level of physical activity. There are medications, such as insulin, that can also be a part of the diabetic management process. Education about the initial signs and symptoms of diabetes, especially for the older population, is necessary. Late onset of diabetes can exacerbate other medical conditions the individual may have.

Implementing this promotion program for the elderly population, with the advanced knowledge of the racial and genetic increased percentage of probability of becoming diabetic, affords the program the push to begin the screening process. After the screening, the test results along with the family history will determine which people will become the priority with the ultimate goal being to properly educate, screen, interview and assist this population with the knowledge and outside facilities that are available to hopefully prevent, but definitely effectively manage and control diabetes.

References

Baynes, H. W. (2015). Classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 541.

Chung, S. (2014). Purpose of statistical analysis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 28(1), 86.

Golden S.H., Brown A., Cauley J.A., Chin M.H., Gary-Webb T.L., Kim C., Sosa J.A., Sumner A.E., Anton B. (2012, Sept.) Health disparities in endocrine disorders: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 97(9):E1579-639