hca-ct-m2

Running head: COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 1

HCM 501/22362

Principles of Healthcare Administration

Module 2: Critical Thinking

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 2

Comparison between Saudi Healthcare Organizations

Saudi Arabia is improving its healthcare system and promoting for better healthcare services. Better utilization of

hospitals’ capacities and improvements of healthcare quality are two main goals of the Saudi Vision 2030 (Kingdom of Saudi

Arabia vision 2030, 2016). In Saudi Arabia, there are different healthcare organizations which aim to promote and improve

health in different levels. Saudi healthcare system consists of governmental sector which represents 60% of healthcare services

under Ministry of Health (MOH) and private sector which represents 21% of healthcare services (Almalki, FitzGerald & Clark,

2011). Also, it consists of other governmental agencies which represents 19% of healthcare services (Almalki, FitzGerald &

Clark, 2011). This paper compares the following Saudi healthcare organizations: King Abdulaziz Medical City - Ministry of

National Guard Health Affairs (KAMC -MNG-HA), King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Rayan Hospital by Dr. Sulaiman

Alhabib Medical Group (HMG), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH&RC) and Johns Hopkins Aramco

Healthcare (JHAH). The comparison between the Saudi healthcare organization is based on type of healthcare organization,

hospital capacity, financing, ownership, staff information, mission, vision, areas of treatments, growing fields as well as

advantages and disadvantages of structure.

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 3

Different Saudi Healthcare Organization

Areas of comparison Saudi Healthcare organizations

KAMC-MNG-HA KSMC Rayan hospital by

HMG

KFSH&RC JHAH

Type of

Healthcare

Organization

Nonprofit

governmental

healthcare

organization

(MOH, 2015).

Nonprofit public

governmental

healthcare

organization (MOH,

2015).

For profit private

healthcare

organization

(MOH, 2015).

Nonprofit

governmental

healthcare

organization

(MOH, 2015).

Nonprofit

governmental

healthcare

organization based

on partnership with

Johns Hopkins

Medicine (MOH,

2015).

Hospital

Capacity

It is a specialized

tertiary provides

primary and up to

tertiary healthcare

services to National

Guard employees

and their

dependents (Yusuf,

2014). It has a

capacity of 1501

It is a tertiary

healthcare center

which provides

primary and up to

tertiary specializes

healthcare services

to with a capacity of

1500 beds (KSMC,

2018; MOH, 2010).

It is one of the

largest private

healthcare

organizations that

provides all levels

of healthcare

services and has a

capacity of 360

beds (HMG,

It is a specialized

tertiary and referral

healthcare

organization that

provides

specialized

healthcare services

and has a capacity

of 1599 beds

(KFSH&RC,

It provides all levels

of healthcare

services and has a

capacity of 366

beds (MOH, 2015)

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 4

beds (MNG-HA,

2016).

2015c). 2018b).

Ownership It is owned by

Saudi government

under MNG (MOH,

2015).

It is owned by Saudi

government under

MOH (MOH, 2015).

It is owned by Dr.

Sulaiman Alhabib

and his medical

group (HMG,

2016). The group

oversee the running

of healthcare

facilities in

different branches

in many places

including Dubai

(HMG, 2016).

It is owned by

Saudi government

(MOH, 2015).

It is owned by

Saudi government

under Saudi

Aramco (MOH,

2015).

Financing

 It is established

under

governmental

sector and

commenced its

operations in

1983 (MNG-

 It is a tertiary

healthcare

facility that was

established in

1956 (KSMC,

2018).

 It is financed by

 It is a private

entity that was

established by

HMG in 2009

(HMG, 2015c).

 It is financed by

various

 It is a referral

governmental

healthcare

organization

which was

established in

1970 and its

research center

 It is a

governmental

healthcare

organization

financed by

Saudi Aramco

(JHAH, 2016a).

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 5

HA, 2018).

 It is financed

government of

Saudi Arabia

and falls under

the umbrella of

Ministry of

National Guard

(MNG) (MNG-

HA, 2017b).

Saudi

government and

MOH (MOH,

2015).

shareholders

including chief

executive

director Dr.

Sulaiman

Alhabib (HMG,

2016).

in1975

(KFSH&RC,

2018b).

 It is financed by

Saudi

government

(Mostafa et al.,

2008).

 It was

established by

Saudi Aramco

with

cooperation of

Johns Hopkins

Medicine in

2013 (JHAH,

2016a).

Staff Information  Employees of

MNG-HA are

nationally and

internationally

recruited.

Also, they are

graduates of

King Saud

Bin Abdulaziz

for Healthcare

Sciences

 Employees of

KSMC are

nationally and

internationally

recruited via

KSMC

employment

gate (KSMC,

2018b).

 Employees

are

 Employees are

nationally and

internationally

recruited via

HMG

employment

gate. recruited

by

international

recruitment

agencies.

 Employees are

nationally and

internationally

recruited via

KFSH&RC

employment

gate.

 Employees are

recruited by

international

recruitment

 Employees are

nationally and

internationally

recruited via

JHAH

employment

gate.

 Employees are

recruited by

international

recruitment

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 6

University

(MNG-HA,

2017c).

 It has a total

of 4042

physicians in

which 2252

are Saudis

(MOH, 2015).

 It has a total

of 9319 nurses

in which 768

are Saudis

(MOH, 2015).

internationally

recruited by

international

recruitment

agencies.

 KSMC has

more than

9000

employees

from different

nationalitites

(KSMC,

2018a).

 Total workforce

in all HMG

branches are

7000 employees

(Almansour,

2012).

agencies

(KFSH&RC,

2018b).

 Total workforce

of 3,888

employees

(MOH, 2015).

 Total number of

physicians is

1073 in which

696 are Saudis

and total

number of

nurses are 2410

in which 269 are

Saudis (MOH,

2015).

 Other employees

are working in

research center

and different

KFSH&RC

agencies.

 Total workforce

is 5052 in which

245 are Saudi

physicians and

189 Saudi

nurses (MOH,

2015).

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 7

branches.

Mission Statement To provide the best

healthcare to

National Guard

personnel, their

dependents and

other eligible

patients (MNG-HA,

2017a). Also, to

provide outstanding

academic

opportunities,

conducts researches

and participates in

community and

public service

programs in

healthcare (MNG-

HA, 2017a).

To serve the public

and community with

care, passion and

professionalism

(KSMC, 2018b).

To develop and run

the state of art and

science in medical

facilities and

provide high

quality and

innovative

healthcare services

to create value for

people (HMG,

2015b).

To provide the

highest level of

specialized healthca

re services in a

cohesive

educational and

research setting

(KFSH&RC,

2018a).

To improve the

health and

wellbeing of the

people and to

provide an

environment of

quality, growth and

learning (JHAH,

2016a).

Vision Statement To be recognized as

an international

center of excellence

To be a world

leading institution

and integrated

To be the most

trusted healthcare

provider in medical

To be a world-

leading

organization of

To be a leading

health care system

for excellent patient

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 8

to improve

individual and

public health status

(MNG-HA, 2017a).

healthcare provider

(KSMC, 2018b).

excellence and

patient experience

globally (HMG,

2015b).

healthcare quality,

excellence and

innovation in

healthcare

(KFSH&RC,

2018a).

and family

experiences, clinical

outcomes and

improvements of

health professions

(JHAH, 2016a).

Areas of Treatments It has different

medical

departments that

provide high

quality of

healthcare services

(MNG-HA, 2014b).

Areas of treatments

include but not

limited to

hepatology,

hematology,

internal medicine,

infectious diseases,

surgery, obstetrics

and gynecology

It offers different

healthcare services

in various medical

departments and

centers. Medical

centers include

general, pediatric,

kidney, dental,

obstetrics and

gynecology centers

(KSMC, 2018c).

Areas of treatment

include but not

limited to urology,

orthopedic,

cardiology,

It offers different

healthcare services

including

emergency,

pediatric, neonatal,

surgical and cardiac

healthcare services

(HMG, 2015c). It is

the largest

specialized center

for treatment of

obesity (HMG,

2015c). It has a

Sports Medicine

Unit which is a one

of the most

It provides various

of healthcare

services in different

medical

departments which

include but not

limited to mental,

dental, pediatric,

orthopedic,

obstetrics and

gynecology

healthcare

(KFSH&RC,

2018b). It has

centers of

excellence which

It offers different

treatment services

such as oncology

healthcare services

that include cancer

diagnosis,

treatments and

therapies (Amra et

al., 2016). In

addition to,

primary, neurology,

dental, surgical and

mental care as well

as preventative and

curative treatments

(JHAH, 2016a).

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 9

(MNG-HA, 2014b).

Also, it has a

cardiac center to

treat medical and

surgical cases

(MNG-HA, 2014b).

In addition to, a

surgical center and

a long-term care

center (MNG-HA,

2014b). It is well

known for the

achievements of

conjoined twins’

separation surgeries

(MNG-HA, 2014a).

hematology, general

and plastic surgery

provided in the

general hospital

(KSMC, 2018c).

KSMC is an

international

recognized center

for training in

medicine and

surgery especially

neurosurgery

(KSMC, 2018c).

significant

milestones in the

field of healthcare

for athletes (HMG,

2015c). It became

the first destination

for healthcare

treatment of Arab

and Gulf sports

stars (HMG,

2015c).

include medical

genetic,

neuroscience, organ

transplant, pediatric

hematology and

heart center

(KFSH&RC,

2018b). It has a

well-known center

of excellence for

treating cancer

patients

(KFSH&RC,

2018b).

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 10

Growing Field The advancement

of Health

Information

Technology (HIT)

and use of Bestcare

EHR system which

found to be

effective for

supportive care

(Aldosari, 2017).

Also,

improvements in

research and

innovation with the

cooperation of king

Abdullah

International

Medical Research

Center (KAIMRC).

The advancement of

neurosurgeries and

post-operative care

are growing fields in

KSMC. Focusing on

special-needs

friendly environment

becomes an

important matter in

KSMC (KSMC,

2018c). Also,

encouraging for

community services

and health

volunteering are

important areas of

improvements

(KSMC, 2018c).

The advancement

of diagnostic

radiology, Sports

Medicine Unit and

rehabilitation

programs (HMG,

2015c)

The advancement

of cardiovascular

disease, stem cells

therapy and cancer

research as well as

genetics research

(KFSH&RC,

2018b).

The advancement of

EHR which will be

focusing on

implementation of

Epic, an Electronic

Health Record

system which will

be implemented

over three to four

years (Al-Jishi,

2014).

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 11

Organizational

Structure

It has a divisional

organizational

structure in which

each division

focuses on certain

services and

customers to serve

(MNG-HA, 2016).

For example,

medical, nursing,

financial and

administrative

services are

organized in a

certain division

with a certain chief

executive officer

(MNG-HA, 2016).

It has a divisional

organizational

structure in which

each department is

focusing on certain

services (KSMC,

2018a). For

example, medical,

nursing, financial

and administrative

services are

organized in a

certain division with

a certain director

(KSMC, 2018a).

It has a functional

organizational

structure in which

each department is

organized based on

workers’ functions

(HMG, 2015c). For

example, surgical

functions are

organized with the

director of surgery

and medical

services are

organized with

director of medical

services while HR

functions under the

director of HR

(HMG, 2015c).

It has a divisional

organizational

structure in which

each department is

organized to focus

on certain services

and customers

(KFSH&RC,

2018c). For

example, nursing,

medical, research,

financial and

administrative

services are

grouped and

organized in a

division with Chief

Operation Officer

(CEO)

(KFSH&RC,

2018c).

It has a functional

organizational

structure in which

each department is

organized based on

workers’ functions

(JHAH, 2016a). For

example, Human

Resources (HR)

functions which

include recruitment,

compensation and

training are

organized with the

director of HR

while medical

services are

organized with

director of medical

services (JHAH,

2016a).

Advantages of  Adaptation to  Adaptation to  Specialized  Adaptation to  Specialized

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 12

Structure changes which

was seen in

implementing

Bestcare, a new

EHR system that

support better

disease

management with

an evaluation

score of 72%

compared to 50%

to the old EHR

done by

physicians

(Aldosari, 2017).

 Better

customer

outcomes and

satisfaction.

 Faster and

decentralized

decisions.

changes and new

developments

such as renal

disease

management

(KSMC, 2018c).

 Better customer

outcomes and

satisfaction.

 Faster and

decentralized

decisions.

 Good

coordination

and work within

divisions such

as the

coordination

between

surgery, nursing

and social

working

positions and

functions are

organized well

in each

department.

 Effectiveness,

efficiency and

cost

containments

are maintained.

 Employees

develop in

depth

knowledge,

abilities and

expertise at

their field such

as Cardiologist

who excel in

cardiology

work.

changes and

new

developments

such as in

neuroscience

technology,

research and

innovation

(KFSH&RC,

2018b).

 Better

customer

satisfaction and

outcomes.

 Faster and

decentralized

decisions.

 Good

coordination

and work

within

divisions such

positions and

functions are

organized well

in each

department.

 Effectiveness

, efficiency

and cost

containments

are

maintained.

 Employees

develop in

depth

knowledge,

abilities and

expertise at

work.

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 13

 Good

coordination

and work

within

divisions. For

example, this

was seen in

Right Care

Transformati

on program

when

infection

control,

medical and

nursing units

cooperated to

control

Middle East

Respiratory

Syndrome

Corona Virus

(MERS-

divisions to

improve quality

of healthcare of

burned patients

(KSMC, 2018c).

as the

coordination

between

research and

nursing

divisions to

improve

quality of

nursing care

(KFSH&RC,

2018b).

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 14

CoV)

infection

(MNG-HA,

2015).

Disadvantages of

Structure

 Inefficiency

resulting from

great number

of employees

and increased

expenses.

 Employees in

each division

focus on the

services they

provide.

 Less

coordination

among all

services.

 Less

development

of in-depth

 Inefficiency

resulting from

great number of

employees and

increased

expenses.

 Employees in

each division

focus on the

services they

provide.

 Less

coordination

among all

services.

 Less

development of

in-depth

 Decision

making is slow

and take long

process.

 Slow adaptation

to changes when

occurring. For

example, the

barriers of

implementing

new technology

for sport injuries

(HMG, 2015c).

 Employees focus

on their

functions and

work. For

example,

 Inefficiency

resulting

from great

number of

employees

and

increased

expenses.

 Employees

in each

division

focus on

the services

they

provide.

 Less

coordination

among all

 Decision

making is slow

as it depends

on hospital

size. Hospital

size is an

important

determinant for

decision

making and

implementation

such as the

case of

implementing

Epic, an

Electronic

Health Record

system which

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 15

functional

knowledge and

expertise

(Olden, 2011).

functional

knowledge and

expertise

(Olden, 2011).

Orthopedic unit

are only focusing

on their work.

 Horizontal

coordination

between

departments is

limited which

require

cooperation,

communication

and liaisons to

help (Olden,

2011).

services.

 Less

development of

in-depth

functional

knowledge and

expertise

(Olden, 2011).

will be

implemented

over three to

four years (Al-

Jishi, 2014).

 Slow adaptation

to changes when

occurring. For

example, the

barriers of

implementing

new Epic EHR

system staff

resistance

(Aldosari, 2017;

Al-Jishi, 2014).

 Employees focus

on their functions

and work. For

example, Nurses

are only focusing

on their work.

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 16

 Horizontal

coordination

between

departments is

limited which

require

cooperation,

communication

and liaisons to

help (Olden,

2011).

Other relevant

information

It has great values,

organizational

culture and policies

that are used in to

provide high

quality and

affordable

healthcare services.

Moreover, it has a

business center

liable for payment

The facility is

among the largest in

Saudi Arabia that are

known for offering

high-quality

services. Despite the

facility being

established during a

time when Saudi

Arabia was starting

to develop and was

A majority of

professional

medical doctors in

Saudi Arabia who

are working for in

government

healthcare settings

are also working

part times in private

healthcare facilities

including HMG as

To keep up with

high levels of

competition in

Saudi health

industry,

KFSH&RC made

major achievements

of oncology

treatments and

research

(KFSH&RC,

On numerous

occasions, the

facility is used as a

research center and

a center where

insurance covers

from different

insurance

companies are

accepted.

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 17

of healthcare

services for those

who are illegible

for treatments

(MNG-HA, 2016).

facing serious health

challenges; the

facility has been able

to withstand the test

of time. It has been

able to handle stiff

competition

especially from

other governmental

organizations and

private sectors.

constantly upgraded

its systems and

services being

offered (KSMC,

2018a).

it is a recognized

high-quality

healthcare center

(HMG, 2015c). It

works

collaboratively with

other partners for

better healthcare

services (Al

Suwaidi et al., 201).

These are partners

in the

pharmaceutical

industries and

information

technology among

many others. The

collaboration helps

the facility to

access quality drugs

and other

equipment at lower

2018b). It is also a

center from where

massive research

has been carried out

not only concerning

cancer and liver

diseases but also

other ailments like

cholera outbreaks,

typhoid, and

pneumonia among

other ailments. It is

through this center

that the government

funds various

medical research

programs that have

seen the Saudi

Arabia health

industry progress

tremendously

(KFSH&RC,

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 18

prices and better

payment terms.

2018b).

Fields for

advancement

needing quality

review

It has great ability

and potential for

advancements in

specific disease

management

especially because

of the size and

quality of

employees being

hired (Yusuf,

2014).

Being under MOH

portal, the facility

can advance by

establishing in other

areas within the

jurisdiction of Saudi

Arabian hence

reaching out to more

people especially in

the rural areas.

Saudi population

suffer from

different types of

cancer an area that

the facility has not

invested in. Hence,

the facility can

expand in the

cancer field and

establish centers

that would offer

cancer treatment to

the citizens at

affordable rates.

It is a good thing

that the center has

specialized in liver

and cancer

ailments. However,

because of the

ample land and

funds from the

government, the

facility can expand

in other medical

areas of treatment

like mental disorder

and heart diseases

(Koenig et al.,

2014).

The facility can

review on the area

of research where

this section can be

advanced so that

students can use

this center as a

learning center as

well.

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 19

Population Health in Saudi Arabia

According to Alkhamis, (2017), people living in urban areas are many as compared to people living in rural areas. Sadly, the

higher population is more vulnerable to ailments as they live in more exposed regions as compared to people in less densely populated

areas of Saudi Arabia. Hence, a strong healthcare system should not only focus on established healthcare facilities in urban areas but

also put into consideration the rural regions as well.

Conclusion

Saudi healthcare system is improving and showing many advancements in different healthcare organizations. Even though,

there are many differences between the mentioned healthcare organizations in many aspects including of areas of treatments and

organizational structures, they share one important goal which is to improve healthcare of individuals and the population in Saudi

Arabia.

COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI HEALTHCARE ORGNIZATIONS 20

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