Physics as a Human Endeavor about Stephen Hawking

Hawking, Stephen. "Gravitationally collapsed objects of very low mass."

The mass ejection theory that creates a black hole

Social context:

The mass ejection theory explains that a star containing a mass or size of one and a half times greater than the sun cannot support its own gravity against the sun. The star would disintegrate into smaller atoms or stars within its gravitational field.

Consequences:

The collapsed star would be composed of small atoms having a “+/-30 electron units” of electric charge (Hawking 75). An accumulation of the disintegrated matter from the collapsed star will begin to orbit around the black hole therefore acting like an electric field. This will consequently produce distinctive tracks around a black hole that ends up swallowing the accumulated disintegrated objects in the next 10 million years (Hawking 76).

Significance:

The mass ejection theory explains the existence of galaxies and the gravitational forces that binds the broken parts of a collapsed star together.

Connections:

Steven Hawkins argues that once the gravitational energy of a star exceeds its kinetic energy, the star will face an eminent disintegration. However he also adds that the Schwarzschild radius theory for minimum collapsed stars is invalid because smaller stars at zero rest position have been found to cause a gravitational collapse.

(Hawking 75)

Mann, Robert B., and Simon F. Ross. "Cosmological production of charged black hole pairs."

Hawking, Stephen William, and Simon F. Ross. "Duality between electric and magnetic black holes."

The quantum pair creation theory

Social context:

The pair creation theory explains how atoms of a disintegrated star are pulled and kept apart using a virtual electric field (Mann and Simon 1). A magnetic field that is created between two pairs of atoms or objects keeps them from joining together or collapsing into a bigger star.

Consequences:

The pair theory of black hole creation explains how two holes that have the same or opposite charges uses the electromagnetic fields around them to balance their mass energy.

Significance:

A pair of black holes that are oppositely charged will move away from each other using a background of electromagnetic field. This electromagnetic field provides the acceleration speeds for the two black holes away or towards each other (Mann and Simon 2). In some cases the acceleration speed reduces to zero, which allows two black holes to keep a proper distance from each other.

Connections:

The pair creation theory therefore explains the numerous constellations of black holes that are held apart using an electromagnetically charged cosmic background (Hawking and Simon 5865). These low energy monopoles create galaxies of black holes surrounded by electrically charged and massive same mass objects.

(Mann and Simon 2)

(Hawking and Simon 5865)

Hawking, Stephen. "My Brief History."

Physical disability should not be a hindrance to scientific knowledge

Social context:

Stephen Hawkin was diagnosed with the dilapidating motor neuron disease or ALS at the age of 21 years. The disease which affects the neuron system left him severely handicapped and confined to a wheelchair most of his adult life.

Consequences:

Stephen Hawkins became famous for his ground breaking research on general relativity and quantum theory. These theories have offered great contributions to explaining the Big Bang and the black holes creation stories.

Significance:

Stephen hawking won the prestigious fundamental physics prize award for his research. The fundamental physics prize award is given to scientists who have come up with ground breaking theoretical knowledge in the field of discovery.

Connections:

Despite his disability the research and scientific achievement of Stephen Hawking has accorded him an exciting and normal life. He became the London 2012 Paralympic games commentator and was even caught smuggling Russian bibles out of the soviet union in one of his seven visits to the country (Hawking 1). Other than that, he has met various dignitaries including the South Korean president, visited Japan, Antarctica, rode on a hot air balloon and went on a deep sea diving adventure on a submarine.

(Hawking 1)