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P a g e | 18 An Abridged Guide to the Harvard Referencing Style

Edition T1, 2018 Academic Learning Centre SAE

Section 3: How to create a reference list

At the end of your assignment you will need to include a list of all the sources you have used in your assignment. This is known as a reference list.

Your reference list will need to be formatted using Harvard style.

This section contains some general guidelines you will need to follow when writing your reference list. However, there are some more specific

guidelines in the form of examples in Section 5 that will show you how to reference many different types of sources.

Organising your resources is a useful skill, so while you decide what will be useful for your research and writing, it is important to generate a draft

reference list to avoid losing any relevant information about the source details. This process can be time consuming, but once done it provides a useful

tool for developing in-text citations. Remember to check this initial list against those used in-text and remove any unused items because a reference

list should only include citations that have been used within your assignment. The reference list does NOT include all your background reading.

Steps for creating a reference list

When including a source in the reference list you must provide the reader with enough information to locate that source. Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 on the

following pages demonstrate how specific sources are included in the reference list. This guide does not contain an exhaustive list of examples, so at

times you will need to problem solve to decide how to reference the source you used.

There are two key steps when writing your reference list:

Step 1. Find the relevant details, shown in the following figures. Look at the following examples and those in Section 5. There is a pattern to this

task.

Step 2. Format the details according to CQUniversity Harvard style. Each time you gather information, it will be placed in a similar order.

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Steps for adding sources to the reference list

Referencing books Example

For a book, the following elements should be presented in this order:

1. Author’s surname (family name) and initials. Even if the source gives the author’s names in full, use only initials for their given names. When an author has two or more initials the second initial stands for the middle name. In Western culture, given names are usually placed in front of the family name. If the family name has been placed first this will be indicated by a comma directly after it.

2. Year of publication

3. Title of book in italics and minimal capitalisation

4. Edition, if not the original publication; for example, 4th edn

5. Publisher

6. Place of publication.

Figure 3: Referencing a book with one author

Source: Author

Note: Place of publication refers to the city in which the publisher is located. If several cities are given on the source, use the first-listed city. If

the place of publication is little-known or could be confused with another place of the same name, provide the state as well.

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Referencing journal articles and

periodicals Example

When including a journal article in the reference list, the following elements should be presented in this order:

1. Author’s surname (family name) and initials. year of publication

2. Title of article in single quotation marks and minimal capitalisation.

3. Title of journal or periodical in italics and maximal capitalisation

4. Volume number (vol.)

5. Issue number (no.) or other identifier (for example, Winter)

6. Page numbers on which the article begins and ends.

Figure 4: Referencing a journal article

Source: Author

Journal article from the Web Example

If you find a journal article through a standard Web search (e.g. using Google or MSN, not through a CQUniversity Library database or Library Search option), give the full details of the article as shown in Figure 1 and add the date you viewed the Web page and the Web address of the article.

Kennedy, I 2004, ‘An assessment strategy to help forestall plagiarism problems’, Studies in Learning, Evaluation, Innovation and Development, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–8, viewed 7 October 2005, http://www.sleid.cqu.edu.au/viewissue.php?id=5

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Referencing law cases Example

For a case of law the following elements should be presented in the following order:

1. Case name

2. Year of case

3. Volume number

4. Law report series

5. Starting page of the source.

Figure 5: Referencing a law case

Source: Author

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Referencing a website Example

For a website, the following elements should be presented in the following order:

1. Name of the author/sponsor/owner of the site/ organisation/department

2. Year of publication on the web—if no date, use n.d.

3. Title of page/site in italics and minimal capitalisation

4. Date you viewed the site typed in full (day, month, year)

5. URL underlined, black font, no full stop.

Figure 6: Referencing a website

Source: Author

Using URL references

URLs are underlined and in black font; most word processing packages will automatically underline the Internet address. To deactivate live links right click on it and choose ‘remove hyperlink’, then underline.

Long URLs

To avoid very long URLs, it is acceptable to give the home page for a website rather than the exact URL of the page you are referencing if the website has a search facility.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2013, Australian social trends: pregnancy and work transitions, 2013, cat. no. 4102.0, viewed 18 November 2014, http://www.abs.gov.au/

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Rules for adding citations to the reference list Examples

 There should be commas between all elements except between the initials of the author(s) and the date.

 Font style and size is the same as for the rest of the assignment, usually Times New Roman 12 or Arial 11.

 Line spacing in the reference list is single even though the assignment is 1.5 or double line spacing.

 The title References is bold, left aligned, and has the same font style and size as the document.

 Abbreviations such as p. for page number, vol. for volume and no. for issue number are followed by a fullstop.

References

Cottrell, S 2013, The study skills handbook, 4th edn, Palgrave Macmillan,

Basingstoke, UK.

Gibson, H. (2002). ‘Busy travellers: leisure-travel patterns and meanings in later life’. World Leisure Journal, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 11-20.

‘Greek PM calls risky election’ 2014, Australian, 10 December, p. 9.

Oumlil, AB & Williams, AJ 2011, ‘Financial services and the elderly poor:

development and implementation of sustainable intervention strategies’,

Journal of Financial Services Marketing, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 274–286.

Rules about authors’ names Examples

 In Western culture, given names are usually placed in front of the family name followed by a comma.

 Even if the source gives the author’s names in full Harvard style does not include this. Use only the first letter or initials of given names of authors,

 When an author has two or more initials, the second initial stands for the middle name.

 Titles such as Doctor or Professor are not included.

Dana Lynn Driscoll becomes Driscoll, DL

Stella Cottrell becomes Cottrell, S