technical report

Title: Importance of nanotechnology in medicine and challenges for the future of nanomedicine

I) Introduction:

Nanotechnology, commonly shortened to nanotech, is a new field with most applications still under research. Nanotech tries to use matter on a supramolecular, molecular, and atomic level for industrial purposes. The early nanotechnology focused on manipulating nanotechnology atomic and molecular particles to create macroscale products. Nanotechnology is mostly still in research, and it will be interesting to see where it heads. Currently, nanotech is applied in many fields ranging from manufacturing to medicine. Nanoparticles can be organic, inorganic, or biological. They can be engineered in the lab or exist in nature. Examples of nanoparticles in nature include smoke, volcanic ash, and salt particles among others.

II) Body:

1. How are the medical applications of nanotechnology being used in a public

· If you are diabetic, you have to inject insulin several times, or have a cancer or carrying a side effect of chemotherapy.

· The 8 most important application of nanotechnology which is all related to diseases prevention and medical care.

· Applications for nanotechnology in medicine include images, diagnosis and delivery drugs that will help in treatment of people.

2. How are public considering nanotechnology in medicine as a future medicine

· Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular level. The field combines elements of physics and molecular chemistry with engineering.

· create artificial digital retinas that can be implanted in the eye to allow the blind to see again.

· A technology called epidural spine simulation, which involves implanting a device that sends electrical signals to the spine, has proven especially effective on paralyzed people.

3. How are public facing benefits and risks with nanomedicine

· Beyond the issue of safety lies the question of society’s ethical use of nanotechnology.

· Benefits for health and the environment are offered by nanotechnology.

·  The use of nanotechnology can potentially elongate the life of fruits and vegetables.

III) Conclusion:

The findings presented here imply that increasing scientific effort and financing for medical applications of nanotechnology seem to be justified by the public's optimism about this field of study. Additionally, it requires that toxicologists, decision-makers, journalists, businesspeople, and others engage in a more responsible dialogue with the public about the nature and ramifications of this new technology platform.

Abstract:

Over the past two decades, nanomedicine has grown steadily, however, without inducing a palpable shift in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases so far. While this may simply be a consequence of the slow, incremental nature that characterizes many modern technologies, this article posits that there is another set of significant factors harboring explanatory power. Uncertainties concerning safety, regulatory, and ethical requirements may have prompted innovators to stay close to the known and approved, eventually at the cost of innovating in unexplored alleys. Network analysis of all nanomedicine patents in the United States reveals that nanomedicine has indeed rather consolidated than expanded. We detail a set of recommendations that would reduce the uncertainty prevailing in nanomedicine and could contribute to pushing new boundaries.

Nanotechnology has changed the technology field a lot and also there has been changes in the field of nanotechnology, since medicine have started to adopt it. These days the use of nanotechnology in medicine has become more usual in medical lines. It helps to get faster way to get cure for diseases such as cardiovascular.

Nanomedicine is an emerging and rapidly evolving field and includes the use of nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of a variety of diseases, as well as in regenerative medicine. In this mini-review, leaders in the field from around the globe provide a personal perspective on the development of nanomedicine. The focus lies on the translation from research to development and the innovation supply chain, as well as the status of nanomedicine in industry. The role of academic professional societies and the importance of government funding are discussed. Nanomedicine to combat infectious diseases of poverty is highlighted along with other pertinent examples of recent breakthroughs in nanomedicine. Taken together, this review provides a unique and global perspective on the emerging field of nanomedicine.

The Nanotechnology is being used in developing countries to help and treat disease conditions and prevent health care issues. The common term of nanotechnology is Nan medicine. The Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine which applies the knowledge and tools of nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of disease conditions. The Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoscale materials, such as biocompatible nanoparticles and nanorobots, for the diagnosis of the disease, delivery of the drug, for sensing or actuation purposes in living organisms. The Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology, which often described as technologies under 1000 nm, in the health care sciences. Well, the researchers have been using nanomedicine to the target microbes, with an appropriate result in vitro and as a potential innovation to the field of antimicrobials. In these studies, followed, as clinical trials started to appear, and a movement of clinical translation is initiating in the field of antimicrobial nanomedicine. 

Importance of Nanotechnology in Medicine and Challenges for The Future of Nanomedicine

Bibhusit Hamal, Department of Computer Science and Information System, A&M-Commerce

Introduction

The term "nanotechnology" was first used by Japanese scientist Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 paper on production technology that creates objects and features on the order of a nanometer. K. Eric Drexler was an American engineer who is best known for his work on the development of the molecular machine. In 1955, Watson was credited with developing molecular nanotechnology, which led to the development of nano systems machinery manufacturing. The invention of scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) in the 1980s by IBM scientists and then the atomic force microscope allowed scientists to see materials at an unprecedented atomic level. Computer technology has improved so much in recent years that large-scale simulations of material systems are now possible using supercomputers. These studies explored the nanoscale structure and properties of materials. Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, most industrialized nations created nanotechnology programs, which led to a widespread proliferation of nanotechnology activities. Nanomedicine is a relatively new science. Nanotechnology has only recently been investigated as a potential tool for medicine, medical technology, and pharmacology. Much of the research has been carried out since the 1990s, but there is still much to be learned about the potential benefits and limitations of this technology.

Nanotechnology is a relatively new technology that is only in its early stages of development. Microscopy has had a significant impact on biology, physics, and chemistry throughout the 20th century. It has spawned new disciplines, such as microelectronics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. For nanomedicine, the knowledge about cells' structures and functions is especially important. This includes understanding how cells interact with each other and how they communicate. This research only became possible in the early 20th century with the invention of innovative microscopes. The influx specifies us accompanying the facts on in what way or manner the nanotechnology has damaged the globe and effects on people. The more we are numbering to the future we are utilizing and constituting benefits established nanotechnology. The use of nanomedicine has established different medicines for uncured treatments. Nanomedicine refers to very specific medical invasion at the molecular level for curing affliction or repairing damaged tissues. Modern nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary science concerning the tiniest of particles and their special chemical, physical and mechanical properties at the meeting points of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, electronics, and information technology. In practice the special areas of nanotechnology overlap and blur the boundaries between the natural sciences. Nanobiotechnology is concerned with molecular intra- and intercellular processes and is of critical importance for nanotechnology applications in medicine. This manifests itself in the diverse interplay between medically relevant nanotechnologies and possible nanobiotechnology applications in human medicine. The expectations of the diagnostic, therapeutic and regenerative possibilities of nanomedicine are immense. They are directed at inexpensive rapid tests for genetic predisposition, viral infection and the first signs of diseases long before symptoms manifest themselves, at medicines and vaccines without side effects, at treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, at establishing long-lasting, well-tolerated organ implants, at targeted control of cell and tissue growth and at stimulation of neuronal activities.

How are the medical applications of nanotechnology being used in a public?

In truth, nanomedicine is the use of nanotechnology to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of human diseases. If widely adopted, nanomedicine will fundamentally alter the practice of medicine and surgery. The following points can be used by doctors if nanotechnology is applied in laboratories and hospitals are as follows, one of the most popular applications of nanotechnology for many people is cancer therapy. There have been numerous significant developments in nanotechnology for colon and prostate cancer detection and treatment. The idea is to directly treat cancer cells by delivering medications inside of them using small molecules called nanoparticles, which won't harm healthy cells or tissues.

This, however, is only one method for curing cancer that involves nanotechnology. There are a few microscopic tools and techniques that can be utilized in camera scanning to identify, describe, and detect proteins utilizing dyes and gold particles, but the issue is that they are frequently time-consuming and inefficient. For the bioengineering and biomedical industries, information gleaned through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) can be a gold mine. As researchers work to lessen the proteins that cause cancer cells to spread throughout the body and thrive, it is conceivable to create tiny sensors utilizing nanotechnology to detect PPIs in blood serum. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), an intravenous drug that dissolves clots in the arterial wall and improves blood flow in the affected area, has been the subject of laboratory studies in mice that have demonstrated how the use of nanoparticles to deliver the drug can reduce the required dose of the drug, which lowers the risk of side effects. This is accomplished by affixing the chemical to groups of nanoparticles, which break apart and release the medication only in the area that is harmed.

How are public considering nanotechnology in medicine as a future medicine?

The creation of molecularly level functioning systems is known as nanotechnology. To benefit from special qualities that occur at the nanoscale, the field blends principles of engineering with physics and molecular chemistry. Here are a few ways that nanotechnology is influencing medical care in the future: The most recent FDA-approved smart pill that keeps track of when medication was taken is an illustration of this technology in action. The product enables users to track their own medication history using a smartphone or to let doctors and caregivers’ access to that information online. It is approved for adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Any advancement in the treatment of cancer will have a significant influence on society because over 40% of people will be diagnosed with the disease at some point in their lifetime. One of the main problems with traditional chemotherapy and radiation treatments is that healthy cells in the body may suffer collateral damage as a result of the procedure. Because of this, scientists are trying to use nanoparticles to specifically target cancer cells. Millions of people's lives have been enhanced by medical implants like knee and hip replacements, however one issue with these implants is the possibility of infection and inflammation following surgery. In many instances, infection symptoms are not recognized until it is too late, which makes therapy less successful or necessitates total implant replacement. Nanoscale sensors that are built right into the implant or its surroundings could find infections much earlier. It might be able to treat an infected area as soon as an infection appears when tailored drug delivery technology improves. Such instances highlight the genuine potential of nanotechnology in the medical industry. Soon, real-time treatment delivery and data collection from inside the body might transcend science.

How are public facing benefits and risks with nanomedicine?

The absorbability has been improved using nanotechnology. Drugs that are absorbed too quickly and eliminated from the body as waste before a course of treatment may be effective can also be treated with nanomedicine. Nanomedicine has the potential to lengthen the duration that a drug is active in the body. Drugs used to treat cancer must be properly targeted in order to prevent harm to the nearby healthy cells. Nanotherapeutics have the potential to increase medication target specificity as well as decrease drug volume, preventing the issue of buildup in healthy tissue. Beyond the concern for safety, there is the problem of how society should employ nanotechnology. Professor John Eckert of the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics claims that there have been many concerns expressed about the morality of using nanomedicine. In this fervent discussion, ethical issues include informed consent, risk assessment, toxicity, and human enhancement are only a few of the issues raised.

Conclusion:

We can already see the potential of nanomedicine and what we can create through it. The massive potential

of nanomedicine can change the world differently. It also has the potential to create a better world. The most

important thing is that humans cannot let machines take over many tasks that humans do. Also,

cannot let nanotechnology get out of hand. Although there might be advantages and disadvantages of nanomedicine, the

impact of nanomedicine on the global hospitals and medical field is undeniable.

Nanomedicine is also creating a better world for patients with incurable. The advancement of user

engagement through medicine has been more effective which allows more pleasant user experience for

the user. The collection of data has also helped different marketing medical fields in gaining more

profits every day. With the collection of data medical companies have been able to analyze

their sales, profits, and margins easily. Organized and relevant data the companies can be able to

help customers according to their need. Medicine itself can be a destruction on human life in the earth. People should have control over

the nanomedicine and be able to have proper ethics and data to clear out nanotechnology just in case they are

out of control. nanomedicine is the future, and it is already here taking over the world.

References:

Garber, Cathy. “The Potential and the Pitfalls of Nanomedicine.” Nanowerk. May 2007. https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=1891.php#:~:text=Other%20than%20the%20obvious%20potential%20risks%20to%20patients%2C,manufacture%20of%20nanomedical%20devices%20and%20materials%20are%20valid.

Routley, Nick. “The Future of Nanotechnology in Medicine.” Visual Capitalist. October 2019. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-afuture-of-nanotechnology-in-medicine

The Scientific World. “8 of The Most Important Applications of Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine.” The Scientific World. October 2019. https://www.scientificworldinfo.com/2019/10/applications-of-nanotechnology-in-biology-and-medicine.html#:~:text=Applications%20of%20Nanotechnology%20in%20Medicine%201%201.%20Cancer,Commercial%20Exploration%20...%208%208.%20Antibacterial%20Treatment%20

MG, Krukemeyer, V Kren, et.al. “History and Possible Uses of Nanomedicine Based on Nanoparticles and Nanotechnological progress.” Journal of Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology. 2015. https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/open-access/history-and-possible-uses-of-nanomedicine-based-on-nanoparticles-and-nanotechnological-progress-2157-7439-1000336.pdf

Kumar, Vivek. “Nanotechnology in Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Nanomedicine.” July 2020. https://industrywired.com/nanotechnology-in-medicine-challenges-and-opportunities-for-future-nanomedicine/