OVERVIEW ASSIGNMENT

6.3 Music Beyond the Concert Hall Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, hip-hop, sound tracks.

• Folk Songs • The Spiritual and Gospel Music • Ragtime • Jazz • Blues • Popular Songs • Hip-Hop and Rap • What We Listen to Today

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Discussion Points: • One way of thinking of music is that it is the shape

given to sound. At different points in history, a number of concepts have challenged this idea. • The Greeks invented the Aeolian Harp and we have

wind chimes. Characters in Shakespeare’s plays speak of the silent “music of the spheres” or the harmonious vibrations of the planets. Avant-garde composers have challenged the assumptions we have of what is music and what is not. • At what point does sound (or silence) cease to be

music? Can music exist without human intent?

P.S. You can see and listen here to an Aeolian Harp in San Francisco, at the end of Pier 152

Music Beyond the Concert Hall 6.3 Various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock

and roll, and hip-hop. (2 of 13)

• Folk Songs • Unlike “art” songs

• Requires no formal training • Does not subscribe to rigid forms or rules

• 1960s folk revival • Recounted real events • Celebrated rogues and outlaws • Fought for social causes • Bob Dylan’s music raised folk to high

art.

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Pete Seeger

Bob Dylan, Joan Baez.

FOLK SONGS There are few esthetic rules,

but folk songs endure. They give a Sense of Group identity

Types of folk songs: 1. Commemorative 2. Work 3. Accumulation 4. Scoundrel 5. Narrative.

Rye Whiskey - scoundrel

I've been working on the railroad

Old McDonald Had a Farm - accumulation song

Folk song Revival in 1960s Dylan-Times Are A-Changing

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Barbara Allen Sung by Emmy Rossum

Barbara Allen, sung by Emmy Lou Harris

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AMAZING GRACE Amazing Grace,

how sweet the sound, That saved a wretch like me

I once was lost, but now am found,

Was blind, but now I see.

Amazing Grace is also the title of a 2006 film directed by Michael Apted about the campaign against the slave trade in 19th century Britain, led by famous abolitionist William Wilberforce, who was responsible for steering anti-slave trade legislation through the British parliament. The title is a reference to the hymn "Amazing Grace" and the film also recounts John Newton's writing of the hymn.

Grandma Moses, We Are Coming to Church, 1949. Moses was a renowned primitive/folk painter. What elements of this painting parallel those of folk music?

Figure 6.7

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SPIRITUALS, JAZZ and BLUES

“Call and Response”

Collages by Romare Bearden.

Music Beyond the Concert Hall

6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop. (3 of 13)

• The Spiritual and Gospel Music • Spirituals

• Originated in African-American slaves’ desire to preserve their native heritage.

• Presented God’s concern for the downtrodden

• Gospel Music • Originated in the more formal church settings • Added musical complexity to spirituals

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Music Beyond the Concert Hall

6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop. (6 of 13)

• Jazz • A fully realized African-American art form • Borrowed syncopation • Arose from call-and-response traditions • Balanced the need for control and soaring release • Duke Ellington—composer; brought jazz to large

concert halls • George Gershwin—composed Porgy and Bess, a

jazz opera • Miles Davis—innovator of bebop and cool jazz

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JAZZ and BLUES

• Ragtime: “syncopation” (shifted accents: “syllabicate”)

• Jazz: “improvisation”

• Blues: half-tones or “blue note

Hesitation Blues played by Rev. Gary Davis

Maple Leaf Rag, composed+played by Scott Joplin syncopation

Duke Ellington, c. 1910. Some scholars label jazz America’s greatest contribution to the world of music. Do you agree? What makes jazz uniquely American?

Figure 6.8

It Don’t Mean a Thing, If It Ain’t Got That Swing) with Ella Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington

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Music Beyond the Concert Hall

6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop. (8 of 13)

• Blues • Secular songs originating in slavery’s oppression • Named for the “expressly lowered tone,” the blue note • Often somber themes of hard life and failed love

• Billy Holiday • Exemplifies the connection between blues excellence and the

hard-lives of its performers and writers

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Billie Holiday, c. 1940s. One central myth of the humanities is that all great artists live lives full of pain. Do you agree? Or can happiness also inspire great art?

Figure 6.9

Willow, Weep for Me 14

Music Beyond the Concert Hall

6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular music, including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop. (5 of 13)

• Ragtime

• Early twentieth century • Blended European styles and African

American Traditions • Marked by syncopation • Scott Joplin’s innovations

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ROCK influenced by: rhythm-and-blues, country-western, and Non-Western music.

Elvis Stones Beatles Hendrix

Jimi Hendrix- All Along the Watchtower

You Ain't Nothin But a Hound Dog

Music Beyond the Concert Hall 6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular music,

including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, popular music, rock and roll, and hip-hop. (10 of 13)

• Popular Music • Irving Berlin Blue Skies • Frank Sinatra I Did It My Way

• Rock and Roll—fusion of several styles • Little Richard Long Tall Sally • Elvis Presley Heartbreak Hotel • The Beatles • The Rolling Stones Gimme Shelter

Beatles: Hard Day's Night

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Music Beyond the Concert Hall 6.3 Discuss the emergence and impact of various forms of popular music,

including folk, jazz, blues, gospel, rock and roll, and hip-hop. (12 of 13)

• Hip Hop and Rap • Half-sung, half-spoken • Strong beat • Verbal dexterity • Strongest singers

achieve the level of folk poets Jay Z (Shawn Carter) and his wife, the singer Beyoncé Knowles, 2015. Like Kanye West and his wife Kim Kardashian, Jay Z and Beyoncé are cultural icons, not simply performers.

Does the celebrity culture we now live in influence the way you listen to music? In what ways?

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Beyonce, Single Ladies

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“How Come” Youssou N’Dour (2000) Yo -

As the universe expands I contemplate whether it was God

or the Big Bang that made man Sometimes I wonder how come

We cant live without guns What would of been the outcome

if the South won Think about that son

What in the hell caused the assassination of Malcolm

The federal communications commission listens to politicians in the position

to Make certain decisions like puttin minorities in prison

To decimating the population of women It's called socialism

From the United States to the United Kingdom Aahhkk, spit into the sky and extinguish the

sun, but how come

In the future The location is planet Earth

The time and date is 1999, December 31st

11:59 p.m., the anticipation of what I think's

about to happen got my heart beatin We got less than a minute left before the

planet Jupiter is united into a star

I know it sounds bizarre but it's mathematics

A specific sign for some of the planet's inhabitants

Those who understand know what I'm sayin is accurate

Our country is corrupt from the president to the cabinet

In the year 2, followed by three 0's The space probe Galileo, will welcome us

all to channel zero but how come

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“life out of balance”

Music as a form of Commentary.

Sound track Music by Philip Glass: American Minimalist style composer

PGlass - Koyaanisqatsi

1st of a Trilogy.

Discussion Points:

• The twentieth century saw many new forms of music.

• Why do you think so many kinds of new and different musical genres developed during the twentieth century?

• What kind of experimental music appeals to you?

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Key Terms

• Atonality • Avant-garde • Baroque • Chamber music • Chromatic scale • Counterpoint • Diatonic scale • Dissonance • Fugue • Half-tone

• Harmony • Hip-hop • Improvisation • Key • Melody • Octave • Pentatonic scale • Ragtime • Rap • Rhythm

• Rock • Rock ’n’ roll • Scale • Spiritual • Symphony • Syncopation • Timbre • Toccata • Tone

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Listening Questions 1. Name the type of instruments you hear in order of their

appearance. (strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboard).

2. From what style/period of music is it? Why?

3. Expressive effects: What impressions, images or mood does this music create for you?

4. What major contrasts or changes do you detect in the Elements (melody, rhythm, harmony, timbre, dynamics, texture) and Composition (Repetition, contrast, variation, theme and development). Explain 3 of them.

5. How do these differences contribute to the music’s expressiveness?

6. Do you like this piece? Why or Why not? Explain.