report
Penn State Sustainability
Recycling System
Formal Report Drafted By: Jennifer Hose
April1 16
Memorandum
Executive Summary Introduction The Problem Suggested Solutions Single Stream Recycling Improving Current Design Budget Conclusion Sources
4 5 6 8 9 12 13 14 15
Executive Summary The following report discusses the problems and potential solutions regarding the current recycling system at Penn State University.
In 2014, students produced 14,163 tons of solid waste at Penn State. A little over half of this was diverted from the landfill. Everyday students and faculty throw away recyclables into landfill bins. This is a huge problem for the university when it wants to be a vastly sustainable place in the future. Implementing new recycling practices will help the university to create a higher number of people putting their recyclable materials into the correct place.
To combat the problem, in the report there is detailed information on single stream recycling and improving current designs.
Recycling using single stream, or comingled, practices is becoming more and more popular in the United States. Instead of having multiple bins dedicated to recyclables, there is only one. The materials put in this bin will be sent to a facility with MRF scanners that sort the products, instead of consumers sorting it themselves. The ease of throwing everything into one bin allows for ease of recycling, thus greater participation from students. Single stream also reduces collection costs of recyclables on campus, and saves times for OPP employees allowing them to attend to other university work. There are some issues with single stream, like the loss of some recyclable materials that have been contaminated, however with the greater amount of recycling expected to occur with the change of systems, it shouldn’t be a huge problem.
In case single stream recycling isn’t feasible for the university, updated designs is preferable. Changing the graphics to make them stand out, helps members of the community quickly decide which bin to place an object in. If all the bins were not the same color or shape, memorization of what color bin a specific material goes into is easy. With updated graphics or colors, its not as confusing as it is with blue bins and blue and grey graphics.
Single Stream Recycling
Improving Current Designs
These solutions allow for a much more sustainable Penn State future and make recycling participation larger through ease.
4
Introduction
Recycling Program
Recycling is quickly becoming one of the most important things we as a society can do. The planet is constantly seeing an increase of the amount of people inhabiting it and more and more trash is piling up. Theres no way to completely stop the amount of waste being produced, however people may be more proactive and focus on reducing the amount or putting forth an effort to recycle so the waste may be used again.
Penn State’s sustainability efforts are unmatched by a large amount of universities. However when it comes to the program in place for recycling on the University Park Campus, there needs to be a change. The system is plagued with confusion from students and often recyclable materials are misplaced into the wrong bin and sent to the wrong place. When the university wants to focus on creating a better world, but continues to let recyclable materials be misplaced, there needs to be a change.
In this proposal I outline the problem the university faces regarding recycling and suggest the following solutions:
Update to a Single Stream recycling process Change the labeling surround the current bins Change the colors, and or shapes of current bins to highlight differences
5
The Problem
"I believe the reason that many people don't recycle is convenience. If there is a trash can nearby, it is more convenient so they just put
recyclable items there. I do believe that if recycling was more convenient, then more people would recycle."
In theory the recycling system in place is great — Different bins sectioned off by the type of material to be placed within. There are even nice graphics to look at and figure out if an item is recyclable. The problem comes in when you think about the program practically. Walking around campus there isn’t all the different recycling bins at every different place where there are trashcans. Half the time you walk by and only see one bin, the one that will end up in the landfill. Students are constantly looking for convenience and will not hold onto their trash when there isn’t the proper recycling bin, they’ll throw it into the nearest available one.
Relating to convenience is that the graphics are in black and white, with small writing. If students or faculty are in a hurry then they aren’t going to look at the little poster posted by the recycling bins to figure out where to put their trash if they don’t already know. Labeling tends to be a huge problem that leads to confusion on campus when people are in a rush.
Anonymous
6
Out of 100 surveyed students, 63 said they found recycling at Penn State to be
completely, or slightly confusing.
Do you find the recycling system at PSU confusing?
7
Suggested Solutions
There are three ways to fix the recycling system at Penn State:
Implement a single stream recycling system Change the design of the recycling bins Edit and improve the current graphics showing where recyclable materials belong
Most students would happily recycling more often with a less complicated
system
Would you recycle more if there were only ONE recycling bin?
8
Suggested Solutions Single Stream Recycling
In order to make recycling easier and more convenient for students, the university should move to a “SingleStream” recycling system. Single stream eliminates the need for multiple recycling bins as all materials can be put into one and sorted with machines later in the process. Collection costs with single stream drop for the university since there is no longer multiple different locations that recyclables have to go.
With single stream recycling, there are two types of MRFs (Materials Recovery Factory). The most common way to utilize single stream is by having one bin with all materials commingled. However, there is a dual stream MRF option which allows for paper products like cardboard, newspaper and office paper to be separated from glass, metals and plastics. When having the two separate streams you are able to cut down on the amount of recycling bins and will also continue with convenience. Students and faculty won’t have to worry about figuring out which plastic bottle they have, but papers will also be saved from most contaminants.
Single stream recycling offers some challenges: Paper may get wet or contaminated from other recyclables which thus makes itself unrecyclable. Costs at the MRFs are higher than they would be with completely separate recycling processes.
If operating with a dual stream MRF, paper recycling bins needn’t be in every recycling location, only ones with high paper usage like libraries or places like dorm buildings where students are often disposing of class notes and other paper products.
9
Suggested Solutions Single Stream Recycling
Example of graphics to use with single stream recycling:
10
Suggested Solutions Single Stream Recycling
Example of graphics to use with single stream recycling:
11
Suggested Solutions Improving Current Designs
If updating to a single stream system is in no way possible for Penn State, an update to the current system of recycling would be the best option. In order to make recycling easier for people utilizing the university’s services, changing the design of the bins and graphics related to them would be helpful. Current bins and graphics are all the same, blue and gray. Penn State is full of pride, which is great, but when 90% of the recycling bins look the same and you need to get close to them to actually see a difference a change needs to be made. Recycling bins could each be a different color along with colored coded graphics to relate the them.
Instead of having a design like the current graphic(pictured aside), larger pictures along with less text allows for a simpler recycling experience
12
Budget
An investment in an MRF facility solely dedicated to Penn State would include a $30 million dollar building and machine costs. There would also be the cost of removing the excess bins from recycling locations around the university. This cost, however, would be relatively low and would cause no major problems.
Updating the recycling system would impose costs at every single area where trash bins are. New recycling bins can range from 50500 dollars, depending on what the university is looking for. There would also be costs related to the printing and labeling of new, easier to read graphics.
Changing the recycling system instead of implementing and building an MRF system looks like the lower cost. Lower costs initially may be attractive, but in the long run the university is saving on collection costs, while also allowing for an influx of the amount of people recycling on campus.
13
Conclusion
Updating the recycling system at Penn State University Park is vital to creating a more sustainable future. Allowing for greater ease during the process results in more people recycling. Instead of mistakes being made on which bin to place materials in, it may all go in one (or two for dual stream MRFs) place.
MRF implementation may be expensive at first, but with the donation the university received, the new costs only lead to a better Penn State future. OPP workers will also be spending less time moving recyclables to different places, which saves costs for the university.
Even if MRF isn’t a possibility for the university, updating the mundane recycling bins and graphics will boost recycling throughout the university.
A better recycling system. A better Penn State future.
14
Bibliography
"Recycling and Composting." Penn State Sustainability. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2016.
"Single Stream Recycling in Boulder County." Ecocycle, n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2016.
Stevenson, Gabriela. "HUB Green Team Finds More Food Than Actual Waste In Food Court Trash." Onward State. N.p., 02 Feb. 2016. Web. 03 Apr. 2016.
10, Usepa Region. "Commingled Recycling Systems." (n.d.): n. pag. Yosemite.epa.gov. EPA. Web. 3 Apr. 2016.
Images From: Sustainability.psu.edu Ecocycle.org psu.edu Surveymonkey.com
15