Study Guide

FACTORS AFFECTING GROUP EXPERIENCES IN U.S.

Native Americans

African Americans

European Americans

Latinos/Chicanos

Asian Americans

Homeland conditions, “push” factors that led them to emigrate

The natives of America were living around the USA. They have all the nature for them to live and according to articles and books natives living in union and harmony all around the USA.

Although, as people immigrate racial discrimination become raise up and power to others who were not natives start to push natives to reservations and immigrate.

N/A

European Americans had migrated because of religious and political persecution.

One of the “push” aspects of leading latinos or chicanos to emigrate are factors including violence and political issues. One of the major for Mexico was the Mexican Revolution of 1920, and it is now the political corruption and the bands of drug cartels operating in each state in Mexico. In Latin America there also are the political and the international criminal band of the Maras Salvatruchas, as well as gender inequality, and the lack of access to adequate health care and public and higher education.

Migration era, process, “pull” factors that brought them to the US

Between 1870 and 1920, over twenty-five million immigrants arrived in the United States. By then groups such as Italians, Poles, and Eastern European Jews made up a larger percentage of the arrivals while Irish and German numbers began to dwindle. This movement of people was influenced by a number of causes, or “push” and “pull” factors. In other words, certain conditions in their home countries encouraged people to leave, while other factors encouraged them to choose the United States for their new home.

The Great Migration began when it was put into black newspapers the job opportunities for them in the North and West cities. There were about six million African Americans moving from the Southern states to the Northern. In 1910 and 1920 most of them had found jobs in factories, slaughterhouses, and foundries. There were a lot of jobs for industrial workers.

The Irish had come to America because of the fungus in the potato crops which caused famine as well as religious persecution.

Common “pull” factors include economics as part of living to sustain their families, work opportunities, better life for next generations including access to adequate education and health care.

Culture, language, religion (provide a general overview of their main belief system)

Native American people generally express that their traditional ways of life do not include “religion.” Also they find the term difficult to translate into their own languages. There are many beliefs in cosmology and epistemology. Western tradition distinguishes religious thought and action as that whose ultimate authority is supernatural as well to plants and animals, clouds and mountains.

African Americans had created their own culture at the beginning as an act of rebellion. African Americans’ tend to attend religious services in Black congregations. It has changed throughout the years when they don’t necessarily attend only a black segregation, but if not a multiracial one.

European Americans began to speak English, but before would speak Gaelic. They practiced catholicism after moving to the US.

Hispanics come from a collectivistic culture where group activities are dominant, responsibility is shared, and accountability is collective.

Their main beliefs are part of catholic and christianity religions, they also practice natural remedies for better health.

In language, Latinos/Chicanos may speak Spanish and English.

Attitudes, stereotypes, treatment in US Society

The society most of the time looked to Native Americans they were often looked at as inferior to the rest of was also called Americans. Also, were respresnted by society as not being civilized and have nature as their world and not become modern in all aspects.

Up to the present day, African Americans have always been treated poorly by society. There are many stereotypes about them like being inferior to others just because of the color of their skin. They continue to struggle within society, but never seem to give up.

They were stereotypes within European Americans because they were viewed less by society.

Segregation was a big part of their daily life. They were discriminated against at most public venues. It was mostly at schools where they segregated children to a separate building with all other Mexicans or minorities. One of the stereotypes has always been how Mexicans are not hardworking , which is a negative statement.

Workplace, economic experience

The Natives of Americans grow everything from the ground. Ther primary source of economy is agriculture and working with metals and precious stones.

African Americans have faced systematic obstacles since the beginning. From being slaves and being treated as an object instead of an individual. Even today, in some work environments they are treated differently because of the color of their skin. Economically, they might even earn way less than a white individual/employee.

The Irish worked endless hours with a low income and in an unsafe environment.

They earned lower wages than the anglos. Their jobs consisted of being factory workers, railroads, and mining.

Government laws, policies, programs, and treatment and its effects on the group

In laws The Removal Act of 1830 that talks about authorized President Andrew Jackson to negotiate for the removal and resettlement of Native American tribes Including the Cherokee, Seminole, Creek, Choctaw, and Chickasaw, Although the removal and resettlement was supposed to be voluntary, ultimately, this resulted in the series of forcible removals known as the Trail of Tears.

The Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s led to the Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975, which restored some sovereignty to tribal governments and gave them a certain independence in working and operating federal funds and programs, to become sovereign within their territory and with respect to tribal members.

Growing up, whenever we learned about African Americans, we were taught about the Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws. As well as when African Americans were given the right to vote and become citizens instead of slaves. Let’s also remember the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendment and what they meant to African Americans and that time of history.

They had risen to power in the Democratic party during the 1890s where it helped them assimilate. They would end up using their power to help the poor immigrants.

The children were segregated in schools. Latinos/ Chicanos were slowly losing their land because it was being stripped away from them. They had higher taxes that they couldn’t afford. They were forced to sell their land because of their inability to pay.

Key events, struggles, and why important

Begin to the recent,

-In April 11, 1968: The Indian Civil Rights Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, granting Native American tribes many of the benefits included in the Bill of Rights.

- September 1918: Choctaw soldiers use their native language to transmit secret messages for U.S. troops during World War I's Meuse-Argonne Offensive on the Western Front. The Choctaw Telephone Squad provided Allied forces a critical edge over the Germans.

- 1851: Congress passes the Indian Appropriations Act, creating the Indian reservation system. Native Americans aren’t allowed to leave their reservations without permission.

- These aspects are important to understand the events and struggles Natives Americans went through.

The most important key event African Americans struggled with was becoming slaves. They were treated as an object, instead of individuals. The moment they stopped being slaves, they were still treated poorly by the whites. Being segregated from others because of the color of the skin. Even being neglected in schools, like Thurgood Marshall was. Even in the present day, African Americans are not treated as equals to others. This is so important because we have had so many events happening in these past years.

Some of the struggles that the Irish faced were the job opportunities they had. This was important because they suffered economically at first, but it helped them improve their skills.

Some of the struggles that they had were wage increase, benefits and work conditions, school segregation, and back breaking manual labor. They also struggled with obtaining land ownership. All of these struggles were later seen in court.

How would you describe the acculturation/assimilation path/process over time of this group? (Consider both the Takaki chapters and the Gallagher book chapters)

Acculturation process over time for the Natives Americans gets stronger because they still keep their traditions and beliefs even though they have specific territory lines and they have their own laws too.

On the other hand assimilation was not a part of the options to be chosen. As an example, people start to immigrate to the USA and start to make Natives American to assimilate as they come to the land where natives Americans live.

African Americans struggled to assimilate to the US. Up to this day, I have noticed in society how this continues to happen. It is hard for them to do this because of the way they are still treated. Acculturation did happen to African Americans specifically in the Great Awakening during 1730-1740 to Christianity.

The assimilation Irish was able to accomplish was mainly because of the color of their skin. They were able to be viewed as equal and begin to have powerful positions.

Stephen F. Austin inhabited what is now Texas and he had a goal which was to Americanize the South. While doing so, many Mexican landowners lost their land, lives, and freedom.

We then see the Mexican Americans standing up to the unjust laws and power struggles they were facing.

In the present day, they are many laws in place to protect Latinos from discrimination.