Discussion

Identify whether the presence of pica is related to neglect/maltreatment Rule out exposure to toxic substances such as lead Education Behavior modification Environmental approaches Psychosocial approaches Family guidance approach Positive reinforcement techniques Modeling Behavior shaping Overcorrection treatment (Sadock et al., 2014).

Treatment

According to Sadock et al (2014), treatment for pica includes the following:

References

Al Nasser Y, Muco E, Alsaad AJ. (2020). Pica. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532242/ https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.127851 American Psychological Association. (2013). Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-V. Washington D. C.: American Psychological Association. Holm, G.(2019). Everything you need to know about pica. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/pica NationalEating Disorder Association. (2018). PICA. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/by- eating-disorder/other/pica

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

A collaborative group assignment by Kathy Duncan, RN, Claudia Martell, RN, Lawrencia Ugochukwu, RN, and Esther Waitherero, RN NRNP-6660-11, PMH NP Role I: Child.2020 Winter Qtr 11/30-02/21-PT27

PICA A PARENT'S GUIDE

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

O c c u r s m o s t o f t e n i n y o u n g c h i l d r e n &O c c u r s m o s t o f t e n i n y o u n g c h i l d r e n &

M a y o c c u r d u e t o m i n e r a l d e f i c i e n c i e sM a y o c c u r d u e t o m i n e r a l d e f i c i e n c i e s

s u c h a s Z i n c , I r o n , a n d C a l c i u m .s u c h a s Z i n c , I r o n , a n d C a l c i u m .

C a n o c c u r i n t h o s e u n a b l e t oC a n o c c u r i n t h o s e u n a b l e t o

d i f f e r e n t i a t e b e t w e e n e d i b l e a n d n o n -d i f f e r e n t i a t e b e t w e e n e d i b l e a n d n o n -

e d i b l e i t e m s s u c h a s I n d i v i d u a l s w i t he d i b l e i t e m s s u c h a s I n d i v i d u a l s w i t h

a u t i s m o r I n t e l l e c t u a l d i s a b i l i t y .a u t i s m o r I n t e l l e c t u a l d i s a b i l i t y .

M a y b e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h d e v e l o p m e n t a lM a y b e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h d e v e l o p m e n t a l

d e l a y ( S a d o c k e t a l . , 2 0 1 4 ) .d e l a y ( S a d o c k e t a l . , 2 0 1 4 ) .

N e g l i g e n c eN e g l i g e n c e

C h i l d m a l t r e a t m e n tC h i l d m a l t r e a t m e n t

F o o d d e p r i v a t i o n b y p a r e n t sF o o d d e p r i v a t i o n b y p a r e n t s

D e c r e a s e d i r o n a n d f e r r i t i n ( a n d o t h e rD e c r e a s e d i r o n a n d f e r r i t i n ( a n d o t h e r

m i c r o n u t r i e n t s ) N a s s e r e t a l ( 2 0 2 0 ) .m i c r o n u t r i e n t s ) N a s s e r e t a l ( 2 0 2 0 ) .

A c c o r d i n g t o S a d o c k e t a l ( 2 0 1 4 ) , t h eA c c o r d i n g t o S a d o c k e t a l ( 2 0 1 4 ) , t h e f o l l o w i n g f a c t o r s h a v e b e e n a s s o c i a t e d w i t hf o l l o w i n g f a c t o r s h a v e b e e n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p i c a :p i c a :

p r e g n a n t w o m e n .p r e g n a n t w o m e n .

O t h e r c a u s e s m a y i n c l u d e :O t h e r c a u s e s m a y i n c l u d e :

Pathophysiology

l e a d p o i s o n i n g p a r a s i t i c i n f e c t i o n s i n t e s t i n a l b l o c k a g e s c h o k i n g

E a t i n g c e r t a i n n o n f o o d i t e m s c a n s o m e t i m e s l e a d t o o t h e r s e r i o u s c o n d i t i o n s s u c h a s :

H o l m , G . ( 2 0 1 9 ) .

ice soap buttons clay hair dirt the unused remainder of a cigarette

paint glue chalk feces

If you have pica, you may regularly eat things such as:

ashes

Holm, G. (2019).

P i c a i s a m e d i c a l d i s o r d e r i n w h i c h a p e r s o n e n j o y s e a t i n g t h i n g s t h a t a r e n o t m e a n t f o r c o n s u m p t i o n ( S a d o c k e t a l . , 2 0 1 4 ) .

What is Pica?

·

Diagnosis of pica is made when

eating nonfood substances is

developmentally inappropriate.

Usually, it is after the age of 2

(APA, 2013).

There is no test for pica.

The onset of PICA is mostly in

childhood but can occur even in

adolescents or adults (APA, 2013).

How is it diagnosed?

The prevalence of pica among chool-aged children in the general population was 4% (CDC, 2019).