Final Project

Title of the Paper

Student’s Name

The Nuclear Medicine Institute at The University of Findlay

NMED 425 Molecular Imaging Radiobiology

Fall 2016

Lucas Gross

Running head: TITLE OF THE PAPER

TITLE OF THE PAPER 4

Abstract

This should be a paragraph of at least three sentences and no more than six sentences summarizing what the paper is about. Give me a brief summary on why this is a nuclear incident. The complete list of incidents can be found in Appendix A but if you would like to write about something different you must get my approval ahead of time. If you haven’t saved your paper yet you should save it right now and often while working on the paper. Save the paper as your last name with a period then your first name and another period then the title of the paper. Here is an example, ‘Gross.Lucas.Title of the Paper – NMED 425’.

The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a poor engineering design coupled with a staff that was not trained properly (Chernobyl Accident 1986, 2015). The result of these flaws make it “…the worst-ever civil nuclear disaster” (Taylor, 2011).

Section 1

Provide a brief explanation of the incident including the isotopes, exposure rates, causes of error, prevention steps, and general damage to the facility is applicable. This is where I want to learn about the incident and the events leading to the incident and immediately after.

Examples of this section include citing sources from your research. The steam explosion and the fires due to it caused the release of more than five percent of the reactors core into the atmosphere. This is estimated to be around 5200 PBq of Iodine-131 (Chernobyl Accident 1986, 2015). For more information on how to cite in-text visit the Purdue Owl Writing Lab online at https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/ .

Section 2

Provide a description of the biological effects on the population in regards to the number of deaths, radiation sickness, genetic complications, incidents of cancer, and forms of cancer. This is the part where you tell me about all the biological issues the incident caused.

Examples of this section would include more citing from the sources from your research. The death toll quickly accumulated immediately after the disaster with two Chernobyl plant workers dying the night of the incident and twenty-eight more with a few weeks from acute radiation poisoning. (Chernobyl Accident 1986, 2015)

Section 3

Provide further clarification that the incident was bad to the people and the environment. This is where you reinforce the facts from sections one and two that it had a permanent impact on the persons involved, the area, the organization, and the governing body in terms of the biological, financial, and psychological effects.

Examples would be that those involved can no longer have children or have birth defects, or that the land is no inhabitable anymore, or that there is new policies in place to prevent similar incidents, or that money was paid to those involved. Thyroid cancer is common for those involved in the incident. The area has been inhabitable until 2011 when it was deemed a tourist attraction. (Chernobyl Accident 1986, 2015)

Section 4

Provide a conclusion summarizing what you have learned from completing this project. This is where you give me your opinion of the incident and what could or should have been done to prevent the incident if necessary.

The Chernobyl incident has taught me that the proper education is necessary when handling radioactivity at any level and that it can be harmful to a population without their knowledge. The amount radioactivity in the power plants can effect a large audience in a short amount of time when it is volatile.

References

Chernobyl Accident 1986. (2015). World Nuclear Association. Retrieved from http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Safety-and-Security/Safety-of-Plants/Chernobyl-Accident/

Taylor, A. (2011). The Chernobyl Disaster: 25 Years Ago. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2011/03/the-chernobyl-disaster-25-years-ago/100033/

Appendix A

Final Project

Write a paper on a radiation/nuclear incident. (EXCEPT Chernobyl):

It must: Be 3-5 typewritten pages

Be double spaced

Have a minimum of 2 sources documented

APA Style—Times New Roman, font size 12 pt., 1” margins on all sides

Visit Purdue Owl Writing Lab (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/)

The incident must have a biological impact on the inhabitants/individual (in other words there must be deaths, and/or increased incidents of illness.)

Section 1: Brief explanation of the incident (include isotopes, exposure rates, etc)

Section 2: Description of the biological effects on the population (i.e. # of deaths, incidents of cancer, acute radiation sickness, etc)

Section 3: Long term effects of the incident (i.e. psychological, financial, biological, etc)

Section 4: Conclusion (what did you learn from this project)

If you want to do a topic that is not on the attached list you must get prior approval from me.

List of Radiological/Nuclear Incidents—there are others, but this is a list to give you some ideas.

· Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Detonation

· Treatment of tinea capitis

· X-ray treatment of ankylosing spondylitis

· Fluoroscopic guided pneumothorax for treatment of tuberculosis

· Thorotrast (radioactive contrast media used in angiography 1925-1945)

· Radium dial painters

· Uranium miners and milers

· Nuclear dockyard workers

· Participants in nuclear weapons tests

· Reactor personnel

· Juarez, Mexico Incident (1983)

· Goiania, Brazil Incident (1987)

· Alexander Litvinenko (2006)

· Three-Mile Island Nuclear Facility (1979)

· Marshall Island inhabitants

· Manhattan Project chemists (1944)

· Boeing Rocketdyne Nuclear Testing Facility

· Chelyebinsk – 40

· Shoe Fitting Fluoroscope

· Oak Ridge Critical Accident (1958)

· Rhode Island (1962)

· Fukushima power plants Japan (2011)

· Winscale – United Kingdom (1957)