Grey Wolf paper

Running Head: GRAY WOLF NATURAL HISTORY 1

GRAY WOLF NATURAL HISTORY 2

Gray Wolf Natural History

Zhenxuan Gao

Gray Wolf Draft Step 3

Behavioral adaptations of gray wolf

The wolf can be heard when it is almost 10 miles away since it has a way which it can communicate even from a very long distance. Sometimes it can howl and this in most cases it is calling all others so that they can pack together. The howling in most cases it acts a way of protecting the territory and forming social bonding.

Physical adaptations

There are many special adaptation for the grey wolf for instance it has a coat which is made up of woody and this acts as an insulation. It has long guard hairs and this is to keep their hairs out of moist. It has large paws which its uses it to pad and the claws are used in spreading and providing better support in snow. It has a vision which is very sensitive, (Werhahn, et al, 2018).

Hunting strategies

Their size makes them a very impressive carnivore and their predatory skills can be said to be improved by haunting in packs which they forms it to be a very complex social structure. They are very cooperative when it comes to hunting and this makes them to bring down many preys which includes moose and bison which are the size of each individual gray wolf, (Miao, et al, 2017).

Population dynamics

The population for grey wolf has been changing drastically there was a time which they were referred to as endangered species but this has since changed and the agency removed them from the category as at now they are at 6000 animals in a population.

Interactions with other species

It has positive interactions with pother species and this has had positive impacts to the ecosystem. This is for instance their carcasses when they die they acts as nutrient s and they provide food for other animals, (El-Kenawy, et al, 2020)

Habitats, impacts and water needs in the ecosystem

They have variety of habitats which ranges from Tundra, grasslands and deserts. And their water need in most cases is minimal and that the reason why they prefers to eat large mammals so that they will not be needing water so much. Therefore their water I got from the prey and it is as well produced when there is chemical oxidation of food.

References

El-Kenawy, E. S., & Eid, M. (2020). Hybrid gray wolf and particle swarm optimization for feature selection. International Journal of Innovative Computing Information and Control, 16(3), 831-844.

Miao, B., Wang, Z., & Li, Y. (2017). Genomic analysis reveals hypoxia adaptation in the Tibetan mastiff by introgression of the gray wolf from the Tibetan Plateau. Molecular biology and evolution, 34(3), 734-743.

Werhahn, G., Senn, H., Ghazali, M., Karmacharya, D., Sherchan, A. M., Joshi, J., ... & Macdonald, D. W. (2018). The unique genetic adaptation of the Himalayan wolf to high-altitudes and consequences for conservation. Global Ecology and Conservation, 16, e00455.